보건소 간호사의 감정노동, 직무 스트레스 및 전문직 삶의 질 = Emotional Labor, Job Stress and Professional Quality of Life of Public Health Nurses according to the Employment Type

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Purpose: This study is a descriptive survey to identify emotional labor and job stress recognized in the course of administrative work, and how these affect the professional quality of life of public health nurses according to the employment type. Methods: Data was collected through a survey of public health nurses conducted from Dec. 2018 to Jan. 2019 (N=232). Results: The emotional labor of public health nurses was 3.27 out of 5 and full-time public health nurses had the highest scores. The job stress score was moderate at 2.45 out of four. The job stress of full-time nurses was also the highest. Among the sub-divisions of professional quality of life, compassion satisfaction was 3.55 out of five, while secondary traumatic stress was moderate at 2.48 and exhaustion at 3.01. Factors affecting compassion satisfaction were shown to be employment types and exhaustion. Factors affecting secondary traumatic stress were exhaustion, job stress and emotional labor. Factors affecting exhaustion were secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction. Conclusion: The results of this study shows that full-time public health nurses in charge of nursing organizations at public health centers have extreme difficulty with excessive role responsibilities, resulting in high emotional labor intensity and high job stress.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

목적: 본 연구는 보건간호사의 업무과정에서 확인된 감정노동과 직무스트레스, 그리고 전문직 삶의 질이 고용형태에 따라 어떤 영향을 미치는지 파악하기 위한 서술적 조사이다. 방법 : 2018년 12월부터 2019년 1월까지 보건간호사 232명을 대상으로 실시한 설문조사를 통해 자료를 수집하였다. 결과: 보건간호사의 감정노동은 5점 만점에 평균 3.27점, 정규직 보건간호사의 감정노동점수가 가장 높았다. 직무스트레스는 4점 만점에 2.45점으로 중간 수준이었다. 정규직 간호사의 직무스트레스가 가장 높았다. 전문직 삶의 질 하위 세부영역 중 공감만족은 5점 만점에 3.55점, 이차 외상성 스트레스는 2.48점, 소진은 3.01점이었다. 공감만족에 영향을 미치는 요인은 고용형태과 소진인 것으로 나타났다. 이차 외상성 스트레스에 영향을 미치는 요인은 소진, 직무스트레스, 감정노동이었다. 소진에 영향을 미치는 요인은 이차 외상성 스트레스와 공감만족이었다. 결론: 이 연구 결과는 보건소의 간호조직을 담당하는 정규직 보건간호사들이 과도한 역할 책임으로 극도의 어려움을 겪고 있어 감정노동 강도가 높고 직무스트레스가 높다는 것을 보여준다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김현, "충남지역 보건소 방문간호사의 직무만족도와 직무 스트레스" 한국직업건강간호학회 20 (20): 204-211, 2011

2 김완진, "지역사회정신보건센터 종사자의 직무스트레스와 대처유형에 관한 연구" 공주대학교 대학원 2011

3 김신, "일개 종합병원 종양간호사의 전문직 삶의 질" 병원간호사회 16 (16): 145-155, 2010

4 송윤정, "간호사의 감정노동이 직무만족과 이직의도에 미치는 영향" 가톨릭대학교 행정대학원 2011

5 Yoon SR, "The relationship between emotional labor, job stress and professional quality of life in nurses working in oncology wards" Koshin University 2017

6 Stamm BH, "The concise ProQOL manual for the Professional Quality of Life Scale 2nd Ed. [Internet]"

7 J. Andrew Morris, "The Dimensions, Antecedents, and Consequences of Emotional Labor" Academy of Management 21 (21): 986-1010, 1996

8 Mae Ja Kim, "The Development of the Stress Measurement Tool for Staff Nurses Working in the Hospital" Korean Society of Nursing Science (KAMJE) 14 (14): 28-37, 1984

9 Public Health Nurses Association, "Status of Nursing Manpower Dynamics Survey in Health"

10 Public Health Nurses Association, "Status of Nursing Manpower Dynamics Survey in Health"

11 Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute, "Standardization of job stress measurement scale for korean employees (the 2nd year project)"

12 Ministry of Health and Welfare, "Reinforcing public health to eliminate regional gaps in required medical services [Internet]"

13 Young Ran Han, "Public Health Nurse's Perception of their Roles & Duties" Korean Society of Public Health Nursing 30 (30): 526-543, 2016

14 The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), "NIOSH Numbered Publications What Is Job Stress? What are the Causes of Job Stress? 1999 DHHS (NIOSH)Publication Number 99-101"

15 Kim YH, "Job stress and management plan of service women workers"

16 Alicia A. Grandey, "Emotional regulation in the workplace: A new way to conceptualize emotional labor." American Psychological Association (APA) 5 (5): 95-110, 2000

17 James M. Diefendorff, "Emotional display rules as work unit norms: A multilevel analysis of emotional labor among nurses." American Psychological Association (APA) 16 (16): 170-186, 2011

18 Shin Hae jin, "Emotional Labor and Professional Quality of Life in Korean Psychiatric Nurses" Korea Institute for Health and Social Affairs 35 (35): 190-216, 2015

19 Suk-Jung Han, "Emotional Labor and Job Stress of Public Health Nurses" Korean Society of Public Health Nursing 26 (26): 314-327, 2012

20 Céleste M. Brotheridge, "Emotional Labor and Burnout: Comparing Two Perspectives of “People Work”" Elsevier BV 60 (60): 17-39, 2002

21 Mi Ra Song, "Emotional Labor Experienced by Ambulatory Care Nurses" Korean Academy of Nursing Administration (KAMJE) 17 (17): 451-461, 2011

22 Hye-Lim Jeong, "Effects of Emergency Department Nurses' Emotional Labor on Professional Quality of Life -Focusing on Mediating Effects of Emotional Dissonance-" The Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society 17 (17): 491-506, 2016

23 Lee SR, "Current status, risk factors, and health effect of emotional labor among workers dealing with clients"

24 Crystal Hooper, "Compassion Satisfaction, Burnout, and Compassion Fatigue Among Emergency Nurses Compared With Nurses in Other Selected Inpatient Specialties" Elsevier BV 36 (36): 420-427, 2010

25 Hee Girl Kim, "Comparison of Working Conditions among Non-regular Visiting Nurses in Public Health Centers based on Their Employment Types" Korean Academy of Community Health Nursing (KAMJE) 29 (29): 267-278, 2018

26 Suk-Jung Han, "Comparison of Emotional Labor and Job Stress of Hospital Nursing Staff" Korean Academic Society of Occupational Health Nursing 20 (20): 55-64, 2011