The Constitution and the Future of Internet Self-Regulation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Internet has been used in Korea for over 20 years. So far, many laws haveregulated the Internet environment in order to organize and control it, including theAct on Promotion of Information and Communication Network Utilization andInformation Protection, etc., the Telecommunications Business Act, the JuvenileProtection Act, the Juvenile Sexual Protection Act, the Punishment of Sexual Crimes andProtection of Victims Act, the Sound Recording, Video Products and Games SoftwareAct, the Broadcasting Act, etc. In particular, when ITRs was revised in 2012, Koreaprovided the final signature despite its regulation of content, which was considered tobe in favor of regulating certain content. Furthermore, in Korea, there was an attemptin June 2007 to regulate malicious comments online by enforcing a limited personalcertification system, but this was ruled as unconstitutional by the Court. At present, theKorea Communications Standards Commission is deliberating regarding Internetcontents, which is ex post deliberation on illegal information with seemingunconstitutionality. However, it still lacks clarity because the ambiguous standards of“provisional measure or excision’ in Information and Communication Network Act 44-2(2) give excessive burden to Internet service providers (ISPs) as to their decision. Thereare four types of models used for regulating the Internet: mandated, sanctioned,equal-proportion and voluntary regulations. Currently, the Korean structure is asanctioned type in which ISP is hierarchically included in regulating the Internet. Sincesanctioned regulation is hard to manage with the characteristics and efficiency of the Internet, however, it cannot but proceed to an equal-proportion model, in which thereis a high necessity for nongovernmental participation such as self-governanceorganizations, etc. In this regard, the US Department of Commerce has decided not toextend the Internet address management agreement with ICANN, which expires onSeptember 30, 2015, thus giving validity to a civilian-oriented upward ruling structureof the Internet as initially built by the EU for truly autonomous regulation, not adownstream government-led rule.

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