백석의 「적경(寂境)」 본문 연구 = A study on Baeksuk`s 「Jeok-kyeong(「寂境」)」

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본문의 전승문제와 관련하여 백석이 생전에 펴낸 『사슴』(1936) 수록본 중 「寂境」이라는 작품이, 최근까지 발간된 백석전집에 재수록되는 과정에서 본문-원문의 마지막 행의 ‘그마음’이 ‘그마을’로 변개되어 있다. 본고에서 필자는 시집본과 전집본의 두 판본의 본문을 비교·검토하면서 어느 판본이 정본으로 합당한가에 대한 문제를 거론했다. 그 결과 기존의 전집에서 「寂境」의 마지막 행의 ‘그마음’을 ‘그마을’로 교열한 것은, 최소 교열 원칙이나 인쇄본을 중시하는 최근의 본문 비평 이론에도 위배된다는 점을 본고에서 밝혔다. 따라서 전승되는 두 판본 중 『사슴』에 수록된 「寂境」의 본문 그대로를 인정하는 것이 현재로서는 타당하며 시집본이 전집본보다 해석의 다양성이나 풍부성이라는 측면에서 우위를 점하고 있다. ‘본문의 전승과 보전’에 관한 문제가 백석 전집의 발간의 첫 번째 핵심과제이다. 교열의 필요성이 객관적으로 인정된다면 잘못 인쇄된 부분을 바로잡아 본문이 와전(訛傳)되는 것을 막아야 한다. 그러나 확실한 근거도 없이 편집자의 주관적 판단에 의거하여 본문이 변경되는 것이 용인되어서는 안 된다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The publication of the complete works of a writer implies the collection of all of the works of literary world of the writer, compilation of all of the studies about the writer, arrangement of all of the compiled studies, and the establishment of the intensive literal world of the writer on the whole. In recognition of the significance of the publication of the complete works of Baekseok in this perspective, a problem of preservation of the text of Jeok-kyeong(「寂境」) is stated, and a solution for the problem is presented, in this paper. The summary of the discussion in the paper is as follows. Firstly, the title of the poem, Jeok-kyeong (「寂境」), implies lonely place, area or boundary. It indicates that the house where the first son was born is located in the lonely area, and implies that the house is not in village with a group of houses. Secondly, the “inhabited mountain recess” (‘인가멀은산중’) phrase in the second line of the poem is in accord with the title, and it emphasizes repeatedly the fact that the first-son-born house is in the lonely area. At the same time, it performs the supporting function of enforcing the atmosphere of Jeok-kyeong (「寂境」), in addition to its correlation with the title. The house of the young wife is assumed to be of a husbandless broken family at the secluded area in a mountainous district. Thirdly, the husband of the young wife is not appeared at the surface of the poem, but it plays an important role. It is the reason why it is important to notice that the poetic words are chosen to imagine a person to be both the son of the widower and the husband of the young wife, as well as the father of the just-born first son, from the poem. The circumstance of the absence of the husband is the core of the poem, and it is related with the national difficulty of Korea at that time. The poem places the poor and hard family life of the young woman, who delivered her first son, in the center of its poetic implication. Conclusively, the revision of the “that mind” (‘그마음’) at the last line of the poem to the “that village” (‘그마을’) in text is a violation of both the minimum revision principle and the recent criticism theory, which attaches importance to the work in print form. Especially, Jeok-kyeong (「寂境」) in the complete works has strong possibility of limiting interpretational diversity and richness of its text. It is appropriate to recognize the Jeok-kyeong in the Sa-seum (『사슴』) as original in its text among two handed down versions, up to the present time. The publication of the complete works of a writer is the first step to enable both to synthesize his literary world systematically and scientifically and to analyze the literature about him precisely in detail. It implies that the start line for the study of Baekseok in higher level is ready. The first and intensive work for the study is how to inherit and preserve his literature in original text. Undoubtedly, it is necessary to prevent the text from being misinformed by means of correcting the misprinted text, if it is necessary, after reasonable debates and discussions. However it is not permitted to revise the text based on the subjective judgement of editors without objective and reliable evidence. This kind of the principle has to be maintained fully in the future publication of the complete works of Baekseok.