Effects of Microalgae on the Removal of Nutrients from Wastewater: Various Concentrations of Chlorella vulgaris

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of nutrients removal by Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris). The study is comprised of five different fractions, having different quantities of C. vulgaris. From the batch reactor operations it was observed that increasing the content of C. vulgaris in the wastewater caused an apparent increase of removal rates in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), NH3-N and PO4-P. More quantitatively, increasing C. vulgaris content from 1 to 10 g/L caused an increase of removal rate of BOD from 80.41% to 82.92%; COD from 78.33% to 82.30%; TN from 81.04% to 84.81%; TP from 32.26% to 36.12%; NH3-N from 96.90% to 97.26%; and PO4-P from 44.76% to 48.71%. Moreover, run 4 fractions (6g/L in wastewater) possessed a better removal rate than the other four fractions studied. The results also indicated that TN and NH3-N were more effectively removed than TP and PO4-P. The optimal ratio of C. vulgaris density and orthophosphate concentration caused an enhancement of removal efficiency.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Hoffmann JP, "Wastewater treatment with suspended and nonsuspended algae" 34 : 757-763, 1998

2 Valderrama LT, "Treatment of recalcitrant wastewater from ethanol and citric acid production using the microalga Chlorella vulgaris and the macrophyte Lemna minuscula" 36 : 4185-4192, 2002

3 Govindan VS, "Studies on algae in relation to treatment of dairy wastewater" 26 : 261-263, 1984

4 Greenberg AE, "Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 18th ed" American Public Health Association 1992

5 Kim J, "Removal of ammonia from wastewater effluent by Chlorella vulgaris" 15 : 391-396, 2010

6 de-Bashan LE, "Recent advances in removing phosphorus from wastewater and its future use as fertilizer (1997-2003)" 38 : 4222-4246, 2004

7 de-Bashan LE, "Microalgae growth-promoting bacteria as “helpers” for microalgae: a novel approach for removing ammonium and phosphorus from municipal wastewater" 38 : 466-474, 2004

8 Hammouda O, "Microalgae and wastewater treatment" 31 : 205-210, 1995

9 de-Bashan LE, "Immobilized microalgae for removing pollutants: review of practical aspects" 101 : 1611-1627, 2010

10 An JY, "Hydrocarbon production from secondarily treated piggery wastewater by the green alga Botryococcus braunii" 15 : 185-191, 2003

11 Travieso L, "Experiments on immobilization of microalgae for nutrient removal in wastewater treatments" 55 : 181-186, 1996

12 Gonzalez LE, "Efficiency of ammonia and phosphorus removal from a Colombian agroindustrial wastewater by the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus dimorphus" 60 : 259-262, 1997

13 Xin L, "Effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations on the growth, nutrient uptake, and lipid accumulation of a freshwater microalga Scenedesmus sp" 101 : 5494-5500, 2010

14 Tarlan E, "Effectiveness of algae in the treatment of a wood-based pulp and paper industry wastewater" 84 : 1-5, 2002

15 Kong QX, "Culture of microalgae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in wastewater for biomass feedstock production" 160 : 9-18, 2010

16 Wood A, "Combined artificial wetland and high rate algal pond for wastewater treatment and protein production" 21 : 659-668, 1988

17 Aslan S, "Batch kinetics of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from synthetic wastewater by algae" 28 : 64-70, 2006

18 Kang CD, "Astaxanthin biosynthesis from simultaneous N and P uptake by the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis in primary-treated wastewater" ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA 31 (31): 234-238, 2006

19 Olguin EJ, "Annual productivity of Spirulina (Arthrospira) and nutrient removal in a pig wastewater recycling process under tropical conditions" 15 : 249-257, 2003

20 Zhang E, "Ammonia-nitrogen and orthophosphate removal by immobilized Scenedesmus sp. isolated from municipal wastewater for potential use in tertiary treatment" 99 : 3787-3793, 2008

21 Munoz R, "Algal-bacterial processes for the treatment of hazardous contaminants: a review" 40 : 2799-2815, 2006

22 Rena AA, "A study on the effect of temperature on the treatment of industrial wastewater using Chlorella vulgaris alga" 28 : 785-792, 2010