프랑스의 근로시간법제에 관한 비교연구 = 연장근로특례를 중심으로

국문 초록 (Abstract)

우리나라 근로기준법 제59조에서는 17개 업종에 대하여 사용자가 근로자 대표와 서면합의를 한 때에 1주 12시간의 연장근로를 다시 초과하여 근로 할 수 있도록 하고 있다. 이런 연장근로의 특례에 대해 문제 지적이 되고 있는 만큼 비교법 차원에서 프랑스의 근로시간 및 연장근로시간을 살펴보았다. 프랑스에서는 연장근로의 한계를 연간총량 220시간으로 정해 놓고 있으면서 다시 단체협약으로 혹은 근로감독관의 승인을 얻는 방식으로 이를 초과할 수 있도록 하고 있다. 그런데 프랑스에서는 1주 최대 48시간까지의 상한을 원칙으로 하고 가산임금 지급 외에 의무적 보상휴식을 마련한 점에서 우리나라와 대비된다. 이러한 비교 고찰을 통해 시사점을 얻고자 한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In Korea, employers have large possibilities to make their employees to work more than 52 hours per week under the Labor Standard Act; article 53 paragraph 1 of this Act permits employers to extend working time up to twelve hours per week, with consent of their employees; they may also extend the overtime further, if they gain authorization of the Minister of Labor and consent of their employees under article 53 paragraph 3; besides, they can make the employees to work even to 64 hours in a certain week, when they utilize flexible working time system in accordance with article 51 paragraph 2.
In addition, under article 59 of this Act, the employers, who belong to the industries specified, may make their employees to work in excess of the overtime limit, i. e. 12 hours per week, with the written agreement between them and the employees' representative. This provision gives the employers another kind of possibility to use their labor forces from the same employees, but it causes the practices of long time working and could damage the safety and health of the employees. And long time working of some one could result in lack of opportunities of working for others.
That's why some questions were asked by the labor unions, such as Korean Automobile & Transport Workers' Federation: if the special overtime under article 59 is really necessary or not, and if this exception is needlessly so wide or not. In order to solve these questions, I tried to compare our legal systems to french labor laws relating working time and find any suggestions from it.
I summarize some characteristics of french labor law concerning working time, as follows:
- It provides for definitions of some important words, such as 《working time》, 《in active part of on call time》, and 《equivalent working time》.
- It provides for 《annual total amount of overtime》.
- It has special derogations of overtime system; these derogations are realized by collective conventions or by administrative provisions. But they are limited by maximum weekly working time, i. e. the average weekly working time including overtime shall not exceed 44 hours ; any weekly working time shall not exceed 48 hours, except for extraordinary circumstances causing temporarily exceeding surplus of work.
- It provides for 《replacement of overtime by compensatory rest》 and 《obligatory compensatory rest》.
In conclusion, I think that there is a need to limit the special overtime in article 59 of the LSA by means of introducing obligatory compensatory rest or imposing maximum weekly working time on it.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 문제 제기
• Ⅱ. 프랑스의 근로시간제
• Ⅲ. 한국법제와의 비교 고찰
• Ⅳ. 맺음말
• 참고문헌
• abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이병태, "최신노동법" 2003

2 자동차연맹, "자동차운수근로자의 근로실태 및 개선방향"

3 김형배, "노동법강의" 2007

4 김형배, "노동법" 2007

5 임종률, "노동법" 2008

6 김재훈, "근로시간 및 휴게제도의 특례규정 개선방안에 관한 연구" 17 (17): 163-186, 2007

7 김형배, "근로기준법" 2000

8 어수봉, "『실근로시간 단축 저해요인 분석 및 향후 개선과제 마련을 위한 연구』. 노동부 학술연구용역"

9 P?lissier, B., "Tholy L. Le code du trvail annot?. 26e ?dition"

10 "Proposal for a directive of the european parliament and of the council amending Directive 2003/88/EC(2004/02/09)"

11 Michel Min?, "Negocier la r?duction du temps de travail. 2e ?dition"

12 "Loi n?98-461 juin 1998 d'orientation et d'incitation relative ? la r?duction du temps de travail"

13 "Loi n?2005-296 du 31 mars 2005 portant r?forme de l'organisation du temps de travail dans l'entreprise"

14 "Loi n?2003-47 du 17 janvier 2003 relative aux salaires, au temps de travail et au d?veloppement de l'emploi"

15 "Loi n?2000-37 du 19 janvier 2000 relative ? la r?duction n?goci?e du temps de travail"

16 V?ronique Roy, "Droit du travail 2000"

17 "Directive 93/104/EC(193)"

18 "Directive 2003/88/EC(2003)"

19 "Directive 2000/34/EC(2000)"

20 G?nter Marschollek, "Arbeitsrecht"

21 cass. soc, "9 mars 1999, N?de pourvoi : 96-43718"

22 cass. soc, "4 janvier 2000, N?de pourvoi : 97-43026"

23 cass. soc, "3 juin 1998, N?de pourvoi : 96-42455"

24 cass. crim., "25 janvier 2000, N?de pourvoi : 98-85266"

25 cass. soc, "20 mai 1997, N?de pourvoi : 94-43653"

26 Conseil constitutionnel, "13 janvier 2003 - D?cision N?2002-465 DC"

27 Conseil constitutionel, "13 janvier 2000 - D?cision N?99-423 DC"