Statistical evaluation of drift demands of rc frames using code-compatible real ground motion record sets

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Modern performance-based design methods require ways to determine the factual behavior of structures subjected to earthquakes. Drift ratio demands are important measures of structural and/or nonstructural damage of the structures in performance-based design. In this study, global drift ratio and interstory drift ratio demands, obtained by nonlinear time history analysis of three generic RC frames using code-compatible ground motion record sets, are statistically evaluated. Several ground motion record sets compatible with elastic design spectra defined for the local soil classes in Turkish Earthquake Code are used for the analyses. Variation of the drift ratio demands obtained from ground motion records in the sets and difference between the mean of drift ratio demands calculated for ground motion sets are evaluated. The results of the study indicate that i) variation of maximum drift ratio demands in the sets were high; ii) different drift ratio demands are calculated using different ground motion record sets although they are compatible with the same design spectra; iii) the effect of variability due to random causes on the total variability of drift ratio demands is much larger than the effect of variability due to differences between the mean of ground motion record sets; iv) global and interstory drift ratio demands obtained for different ground motion record sets can be accepted as simply random samples of the same population at %95 confidence level. The results are valid for all the generic frames and local soil classes considered in this study.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 TEC, "Turkish Earthquake Code: Specification for buildings to be constructed in seismic zones"

2 Mander, J.B., "Theoretical stress-strain model For confined concrete" 114 (114): 1804-1825, 1988

3 Bommer, J.J., "The specification of acceleration time-histories in seismic design codes" 16 (16): 3-16, 2002

4 Baker, J.W., "The Conditional Mean Spectrum: a tool for ground motion selection" 137 (137): 322-331, 2011

5 Iervolino, I., "Spectral shape-based assemssment of SDOF nonlinear response to real, adjusted and artificial accelerograms" 32 (32): 2276-2792, 2010

6 Katsanos, I.E., "Selection of earthquake ground motion records: A State- of- the- art- review from a structural engineering perspective" 30 : 157-169, 2010

7 Beyer, K., "Selection and scaling of real accelerograms for bi-axial loading" 11 : 13-45, 2007

8 Kayhan, A.H., "Selecting and scaling real ground motion records using harmony search algorithm" 31 : 941-953, 2011

9 Ghaffarzadeh, H., "Seismic demand evaluation of medium ductility RC moment frames using nonlinear procedures" 12 : 399-409, 2013

10 McGuire, R., "Seismic Hazard and Risk Analysis" Earthquake Engineering Research Institute 2004

11 Kayhan, A.H., "Scaled and unscaled ground motion sets for uni-directional and bi-directional dynamic analysis" 10 (10): 563-588, 2016

12 "SAP2000, Integrated Solution for Structural Analysis And Design, SAP2000 v14, Computers and Structures"

13 García, R.J., "Residual displacement ratios for assessment of existing structures" 35 : 315-336, 2006

14 Iervolino, I., "REXEL: Computer aided record selection for code-based seismic structural analysis" 8 : 339-362, 2010

15 García, R.J., "Probabilistic estimation of residual drift demands for seismic assessment of multi-story framed buildings" 32 : 11-20, 2010

16 García, R.J., "Probabilistic estimation of maximum inelastic displacement demands for performance-based design" 9 : 1235-1254, 2007

17 SEAOC Vision 2000 Committee, "Performance-based seismic engineering" Structural Engineers Association of California 1995

18 Ghobarah, A., "Performance-based design in earthquake engineering: state of development" 23 : 878-884, 2001

19 Hatzigeorgiou, G.D., "Nonlinear behaviour of RC frames under repeated strong ground motions" 30 : 1010-1025, 2010

20 Hatzigeorgiou, G.D., "Inelastic displacement ratios for SDOF structures subjected to repeated earthquakes" 31 : 2744-2755, 2009

21 Riddell, R., "Inelastic deformation response of SDOF systems subjected to earthquakes" 31 : 515-538, 2002

22 "FEMA-440, Improvement of nonlinear static seismic analysis procedures"

23 "FEMA-368, NEHRP recommended provisions for seismic regulations for new buildings and other structures"

24 Haselton, C., "Evaluation of ground motion selection and modification methods: Predicting median interstory drift response of buildings" Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center 2009

25 Medina, A.R., "Evaluation of drift demands for the seismic performance assessment of frames" 7 : 1003-1013, 2005

26 Iervolino, I., "Eurocode 8 compliant real record sets for seismic analysis of structures" 12 : 54-90, 2008

27 Gupta, A., "Estimation of seismic drift demands for frame structures" 29 : 1287-1305, 2000

28 Lin, Y., "Estimation of maximum roof displacement demands in regular multistory buildings" 136 : 1-11, 2009

29 Han, S.W., "Efficient procedure for selecting and scaling ground motions for response history analysis" 140 (140): 1-6, 2014

30 "EUROCODE-8, Design of structures for earthquake resistance, Part 1: General rules, Seismic actions and rules for buildings, EN1998-1-2004"

31 Park, R., "Ductility of square-confined concrete columns" 108 : 929-950, 1982

32 Akkar, S., "Drift estimates in frame buildings subjected to near fault ground motions" 131 (131): 1014-1024, 2005

33 Ambraseys, N.N., "Dissemination of European Strong-Motion Data Vol. 2"

34 Priestley, M.J.N., "Displacement-Based Seismic Design of Structures" IUSS Press 2007

35 Lin, T., "Conditional spectrum-based ground motion selection. Part II: Intensity-based assessments and evaluation of alternative target spectra" 42 (42): 1867-1884, 2013

36 Lin, T., "Conditional spectrum-based ground motion selection. Part I: Hazard consistency for risk-based assessments" 42 (42): 1847-1865, 2013

37 GB, "Code for seismic design of buildings" China Architecture and Building Press 2010

38 Kayhan, A.H., "Armoni araştırması ile ivme kaydı seçimi ve ölçeklendirme" 23 : 5751-5775, 2012

39 Miranda, E., "Approximate seismic lateral deformation demand in multistory buildings" 125 : 417-425, 1999

40 Gamst, G., "Analysis of Variance Designs - A Conceptual And Computational Approach with SPSS And SAS" Cambridge University Press 2008

41 Bazzurro, P., "Accounting for uncertainty and correlation in earthquake loss estimation" 2005

42 "ATC-40, Seismic evaluation and retrofit of concrete buildings"

43 "ASCE 07-05, Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures"

44 "ACI 318-08, Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary"

45 D'Ambrisi, A., "A probabilistic approach for estimating the seismic response of EP SDOF systems" 34 : 1737-1753, 2005

46 Jayaram, N., "A computationally efficient ground motion selection algorithm for matching a target response spectrum mean and variance" 27 (27): 797-815, 2011