노인의 적응적 대처, 기능 제한, 사회적 지지, 자살 생각 간의 구조적 관계에 대한 경로 분석: 재미 한인 노인을 대상으로 = Analysis on the Structural Relationship between Adaptive Coping, IADL, Social Support, and Suicidal Ideation among older Koreans in the U.S.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study purports to investigate the structural relationship between IADL, social support, and suicidal ideation, and the mediating effects of social support. This study also examines the relative effectiveness of adaptive coping strategies on IADL, social support, and suicidal ideation. Specifically, the study is to examine the mediating effects of IADL and social support in the relationship between adaptive coping strategies and suicidal ideation. Using data from 220 community dwelling older Korean immigrants (age 65 and older) in Los Angeles County, path analysis was conducted to test the study hypotheses by STATA program. The resulting model accounted for 47 % of the variance in suicidal ideation, with adaptive coping strategies making the largest contribution to suicidal ideation. While IADL had significant direct effects on suicidal ideation, social support satisfaction did not play a significant role in mediating between adaptive coping strategies and suicidal ideation. Meanwhile, adaptive coping strategies was significantly negatively associated with IADL and positively related to social support. Adaptive coping strategies was not only found significantly directly associated with suicidal ideation but also indirectly via IADL and social support. Findings provide implications for implementing culturally sensitive, suicide-prevention programs for older Korean immigrants, especially those living with functional disability.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 재미 한인 노인의 일상생활 수행에 있어서 경험하는 기능 제한이 자살 생각에 미치는 영향을 살펴보고, 이에 관련된 심리 사회적 요인들 간의 구조적 관계를 밝히고자 하였다. 첫째, 기능 제한이 자살 생각에 미치는 직접적 영향력을 살펴보고, 사회적 지지의 매개 효과를 알아보고자 하였다. 둘째, 적응적 대처전략이 기능적 제한, 사회적지지, 자살생각 간의 구조적 관계에 미치는 상대적인 영향력을 알아보고자 하였다. 구체적으로는 1) 적극적 대처 전략이 기능 제한, 사회적지지, 자살생각에 미치는 직접적 영향력을 살펴보았다. 2) 마지막으로는 적극적 대처전략이 기능제한과 사회적 지지를 매개로 자살생각에 이르는 간접적 영향력을 검증하고자 하였다. 조사대상자는 미국 로스앤젤레스에 거주하는 한인 노인 220명이었으며, 설문지 법을 이용하여 자료를 수집하였다. 연구 가설검증을 위하여 구조방정식 모형을 통한 경로 분석을 실시 하였다. 연구결과로는 기능 제한은 자살 생각에 직접적인 영향을 미쳤으나 사회적 지지의 매개 효과는 유의하지 않았다. 반면 적응적 대처 양식은 기능제한에 유의미한 부적영향을, 사회적지지에는 정적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 적응적 대처양식은 자살 생각에 직접적인 영향을 미쳤을 뿐 아니라 사회적 지지와 기능 제한을 매개로 간접적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 기반으로 기능장애를 가진 취약한 재미 한인 노인들의 자살 위험을 낮추는데 효과적인 예방 전략을 식별하고 문화적으로 민감한 정신건강 프로그램 개발을 위한 실천적 함의를 제시하고 있다.

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