기술창업과 국가 혁신효능(Innovation efficacy)의 관계에 대한 연구 = Relationship between Technological Entrepreneurship and National Level Innovation Efficacy

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 국가혁신시스템(National innovation system) 이론에 기반해 국가의 혁신성과를향상시키는 요인에 대해 실증 데이터를 기반으로 분석하여 새로운 시사점을 제시하는 것이다. 이 연구에서는 국가별 기술적 기업가정신 활동비중이 최근 국가 혁신성과 지표로 많이 활용되고 있는 혁신효능(Innovation efficacy)에 미치는 영향을 분석하고, 이 관계를 지식이전(Knowledge transfer)환경이어떻게 조절하는지 분석한다. 82개국의 국가 차원의 데이터를 토대로 패널데이터 회귀분석기법으로 분석한 결과, 국가 내 기술적 기업가정신 활동비중과 국가의 혁신효능은 U모양의 비선형관계를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 지식이전환경은 이러한 관계를 역으로 조절하여, 지식이전수준이 높을수록 기술적 기업가정신 비중과 혁신효능은 역U자형의 방향으로 반전하는 것으로 나타났다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study suggests new implications on the factors improving the national innovation performance based on the national innovation system theory. Recently, study on innovation efficacy that considers innovation efficiency and effectiveness together as an innovative achievement has been increasing. This study investigates the relationship between the ratio of technology based start-up and innovation efficacy. In addition, this study analyzes how knowledge transfer moderates the relationship of technology startup ratio and innovation efficacy. The results of panel data regression analysis with the national level data of 82 countries shows that the ratio of technology based startup in the country has a U shaped relationship with the innovation efficacy. In addition, the level of knowledge transfer moderates this to the inverted-U shaped relationship.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Hayton, J. C., "“Is There an Entrepreneurial Culture?”, A Review of Empirical Research" 25 (25): 708-731, 2013

2 Fankhauser, S., "Who will Win the Green Race? In Search of Environmental Competitiveness and Innovation" 23 (23): 902-913, 2013

3 Cummings, J. L., "Transferring RandD Knowledge: the Key Factors Affecting Knowledge Transfer Success" 20 (20): 39-68, 2003

4 Williamson, O. E., "Transaction Cost Economics and Business Administration" 21 (21): 19-40, 2005

5 Henry, M., "Trade, Technology Transfer and National Efficiency in Developing Countries" 53 (53): 237-254, 2009

6 Berchicci, L., "Towards an Open RandD System: Internal RandD Investment, External Knowledge Acquisition and Innovative Performance" 42 (42): 117-127, 2013

7 Mahroum, S., "Towards a Functional Framework for Measuring National Innovation Efficacy" 33 (33): 320-332, 2013

8 Freeman, C., "The ‘National System of Innovation’ in Historical Perspective" 19 (19): 5-24, 1995

9 Teece, D. J., "The Transfer And Licensing Of Know-How And Intellectual Property: Understanding the Multinational Enterprise in the Modern World" 1-22, 2008

10 Schumpeter, J. A., "The Theory of Economic Development: An Inquiry into Profits, Capital, Credit, Interest, and the Business Cycle" Transaction Publishers 1983

11 Jensen, M. B., "The Learning Economy and the Economics of Hope" 155-, 2007

12 Acs, Z. J., "The Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship" 32 (32): 15-30, 2009

13 Acs, Z. J., "The Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship" 41 (41): 757-774, 2013

14 Van Stel, A., "The Effect of Entrepreneurial Activity on National Economic Growth" 24 (24): 311-321, 2005

15 Cowan, R., "The Economics of Codification and the Diffusion of Knowledge. Industrial and Corporate Change" 6 (6): 595-622, 1997

16 Castellacci, F., "The Dynamics of National Innovation Systems:A Panel Cointegration Analysis of the Coevolution between Innovative Capability and Absorptive Capacity" 42 (42): 579-594, 2013

17 Etzkowitz, H., "The Dynamics of Innovation: from National Systems and “Mode 2” to a Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relations" 29 (29): 109-123, 2000

18 Furman, J. L., "The Determinants of National Innovative Capacity" 31 (31): 899-933, 2002

19 Delgado, M., "The Determinants of National Competitiveness" National Bureau of Economic Research 2012

20 Zbierowski, P., "The Aspirations of New Technology-Based Firms in CEE and CIS Countries" 11 (11): 2017

21 Cohen, W. M., "The Anatomy of Industry RandD Intensity Distributions" 77 : 773-799, 1992

22 Sobel, R. S., "Testing Baumol: Institutional Quality and the Productivity of Entrepreneurship" 23 (23): 641-655, 2008

23 Kim, L., "Technology, learning, and innovation:Experiences of Newly Industrializing Economies" Cambridge University Press 2000

24 Beckman, C., "Technology Entrepreneurship" 6 (6): 89-93, 2012

25 March, J. G., "Technological Innovation: Oversights and Foresights" Cambridge University Press 1997

26 Colovic, A., "Technological Environment and Technology Entrepreneurship: A Cross‐Country Analysis" 24 (24): 617-628, 2015

27 Freeman, C., "Technical Change and Full Employment" Wiley-Blackwell 1987

28 Lundvall, B. Å., "Technical Change and Economic Theory" 1988

29 Edquist, C., "Systems of Innovation: Theory and Policy for the Demand Side" 21 (21): 63-79, 1999

30 Edquist, C., "Systems of Innovation Perspectives and Challenges" 2 (2): 14-45, 2010

31 Andersson, M., "Sources of Persistence in Regional Start-Up Rates-Evidence from Sweden" 11 (11): 179-201, 2010

32 Thurik, R., "Small Business and Economic Growth" 2001

33 Levie, J., "Regulatory Burden, Rule of Law, and Entry of Strategic Entrepreneurs: An International Panel Study" 48 (48): 1392-1419, 2011

34 Chatterjee, S., "Regression Analysis by Example" John Wiley and Sons 2015

35 Fritsch, M., "Regionale Innovationspotentiale und Innovative Netzwerke" 56 (56): 243-252, 1998

36 Venkataraman, S., "Regional Transformation through Technological Entrepreneurship" 19 (19): 153-167, 2004

37 Saxenian, A., "Regional Networks: Industrial Adaptation in Silicon Valley and Route"

38 Raymond, L., "RandD as a Determinant of Innovation in Manufacturing SMEs: An Attempt at Empirical Clarification" 30 (30): 48-56, 2010

39 Hu, A. G., "RandD and Technology Transfer:Firm-Level evidence from Chinese Industry" 87 (87): 780-786, 2005

40 Mancusi, M. L., "R&D, Innovation and Liquidity Constraints" 3-4, 2010

41 Pakes, A., "Patents and RandD at the Firm Level: A First Report" 5 (5): 377-381, 1980

42 Lucas, R. E., "On the Mechanics of Economic Development" 22 (22): 3-42, 1988

43 Audretsch, D. B., "New-Firm Startups, Technology, and Macroeconomic Fluctuations" 6 (6): 439-449, 1994

44 Lundvall, B. Å., "National Systems of Innovation: towards a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning" Pinter 1992

45 Acs, Z. J., "National Systems of Entrepreneurship: Measurement Issues and Policy Implications" 43 (43): 476-494, 2014

46 Hu, M. C., "National Innovative Capacity in East Asia" 34 (34): 1322-1349, 2005

47 Patel, P., "National Innovation Systems: Why They are Important, and How They Might Be Measured and Compared" 3 (3): 77-95, 1994

48 Lundvall, B. Å., "National Innovation Systems-Analytical Concept and Development Tool" 14 (14): 95-119, 2007

49 Teece, D. J., "Multinational Corporation and the Resource Cost of International Technology Transfer" 1976

50 Guan, J., "Modeling the Relative Efficiency of National Innovation Systems" 41 (41): 102-115, 2012

51 Alegre, J., "Measuring Innovation in Long Product Development Cycle Industries: an Insight in Biotechnology" 21 (21): 535-546, 2009

52 Hollanders, H. J. G. M., "Measuring Innovation Efficiency, 2007 European Innovation Scoreboard" European Commission 2007

53 Mason, G., "Knowledge Transfer and Innovation in Germany and Britain: ‘Intermediate Institution’ Models of Knowledge Transfer Under Strain?" 6 (6): 85-109, 1999

54 Wang, M., "International R&D Transfer and Technical Efficiency:Evidence from Panel Study Using Stochastic Frontier Analysis" 40 (40): 1982-1998, 2012

55 Howells, J., "Intermediation and the Role of Intermediaries in Innovation" 35 (35): 715-728, 2006

56 Edquist, C., "Institutions and Organizations" Pinter 1997

57 Coad, A., "Innovation and Firm Growth in High-Tech Sectors: A Quantile Regression Approach" 37 (37): 633-648, 2008

58 Dvir, R., "Innovation Engines for Knowledge Cities: an Innovation Ecology Perspective" 8 (8): 16-27, 2004

59 Martín-Rojas, R., "Influence of Technological Support, Skills and Competencies, and Learning on Corporate Entrepreneurship in European Technology Firms" 33 (33): 417-430, 2013

60 Mansfield, E., "Industrial Research and Technological Innovation; an Econometric Analysis" Cowles Foundation for Research in Economics 1968

61 Romer, P. M., "Increasing Returns and Long-Run Growth" 94 (94): 1002-1037, 1986

62 이삼열, "INNOVATION, HUMAN CAPITAL, AND CREATIVITY" 한국행정학회 14 (14): 13-24, 2010

63 Almus, M., "Growth of New Technology-Based Firms: Which Factors Matter?" 13 (13): 141-154, 1999

64 Mansfield, E., "Foreign Trade and US Research and Development" 49-57, 1979

65 Bahrami, H., "Flexible Re-Cycling and High-Technology Entrepreneurship" 37 (37): 62-89, 1995

66 Landry, R., "Evidence on How Academics Manage Their Portfolio of Knowledge Transfer Activities" 39 (39): 1387-1403, 2010

67 Wong, P. K., "Entrepreneurship, Innovation and Economic Growth: Evidence from GEM Data" 24 (24): 335-350, 2005

68 Dejardin, M., "Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth: An Obvious Conjunction" The Institute for Development Strategies, Indiana University

69 Jääskeläinen, M., "Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth" Institute of Strategy and International Business 2000

70 O'shea, R. P., "Entrepreneurial Orientation, Technology Transfer and Spinoff Performance of US Universities" 34 (34): 994-1009, 2005

71 Niţu, R. A., "Entrepreneurial Behaviour Consequences on Small and Medium-Sized Firms’ Innovation" 7 (7): 85-, 2012

72 Korres, G., "Enterpreneurship and Innovation Activites in the Schumpeterian Lines"

73 Foray, D., "Employment and Growth in the Knowledge-based Economy" OCDE 1996

74 Hausman, J. A., "Econometric Models for Count Data with an Application to the Patents-RandD Relationship" 52 (52): 909-938, 1984

75 Krammer, S. M., "Drivers of National Innovation in Transition : Evidence from a Panel of Eastern European Countries" 38 (38): 845-860, 2009

76 Draghici, A., "Does the Entrepreneurial Activity Enhance the National Innovative Capacity?" 124 : 388-396, 2014

77 Briscoe, G., "Digital Innovation: The Hackathon Phenomenon"

78 Kleinknecht, A., "Determinants of Innovation" Springer 1996

79 Schumpeter, J., "Creative Destruction. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy" Harper and Brothers 82-85, 1942

80 Lindsay, J., "Conquering Innovation Fatigue:Overcoming the Barriers to Personal and Corporate Success" John Wiley and Sons 2009

81 Kirzner, I., "Competition and Entrepreneurship" University of Chicago Press 1973

82 Rossi, F., "An Introductory Overview of Innovation Studies" MPRA 2002

83 Archibugi, D., "A New Indicator of Technological Capabilities for Developed and Developing Countries (ArCo)" 32 (32): 629-654, 2004

84 Frenken, K., "A Complexity Approach to Innovation Networks. The Case of the Aircraft Industry (1909–1997)" 29 (29): 257-272, 2000