한국인을 대상으로 한 Just-About-Right Scale과 Hedonic Scale의 적합성 비교 = Conformity Evaluation of Korean Consumers Comparing Just-About-Right and Hedonic Scales

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Just-About-Right scale and hedonic scale are the most used and trusted among the scales of sensory evaluation. However, even when sensory evaluation was conducted using the same sample under the same condition, the two scales do not always produce the same results. There have been preceding research on which scale can predict consumers’ preference better between the two scale and discussion around the cause of the difference between the two, but there is not much research regarding comparing these two scales for Korean consumers. It is possible to consider sociocultural factors of Koreans or Asians as the reason for resulting differences when using the hedonic and just-about-right scales. Thus, the objectives of this study are (1) to investigate if there is any difference between optimal sweetness prediction using JAR scale and hedonic scale, (2) to evaluate how Korean consumers’ health concern, consumption patterns, and social desirability affect the usage of JAR scale, and (3) to determine which scale is better suited for Koreans consumers.
A total of 100 Korean consumers participated in this study and evaluate lemonade samples differing sugar concentration in controlled sensory booth testing area. This study was composed of two evaluation sessions and in the first experiment 5 lemonade containing 6.0%, 8.0%, 10.0%, 12.0%, 14.0% sugar concentration were provided to the subjects and they responded to questions using 7-point hedonic scale and 7-point JAR scale regarding acceptability and appropriateness of attributes, respectively. Additionally, demographics (age, gender), dietary and food consumption patterns, history of disease, healthy eating practices, health concern, and social desirability were asked. At the second evaluation session, consumers did two sets of preference tests of lemonades differing sugar concentrations. For the first pair, sugar concentrations were determined individually using their own data from the first session, which were picked out as ‘Just right’ and 'Like extremely’ (or the highest liking) in JAR scale and hedonic scale, respectively. For the second pair, the overall data were used to predict optimum sweetness level using regression analysis, which were 11.5% based on JAR data and 13% based on hedonic scale. Consumers preferred lemonade with optimum sweetness level predicted using the hedonic scale than the optimum sweetness predicted from the JAR results.
As previously reported, we suspected health concerns may influence the difference in optimal sweetness prediction from hedonic and JAR scales. However, health concern, consumption patterns and social desirability did not influence the results. There might be health bias regardless of their degree of health concern. Thus, we may conclude that hedonic scale predicted better than JAR scale for optimal sweetness in Korean consumers.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• Ⅱ. 재료 및 방법 6
• 1. 연구대상자 6
• 2. 레모네이드 시료 6
• 3. 설문지 7
• 1) JAR Scale과 Hedonic Scale 7
• 2) 그 외 문항 7
• (1) 소비자 인적사항 8
• (2) 건강한 식생활 실천여부 9
• (3) 건강염려 문항 10
• (4) 사회바람직성 문항 12
• 4. 실험설계 12
• 5. 데이터 분석 14
• 1) JAR과 Hedonic 데이터 분석 14
• 2) 건강한 식생활 실천여부 분석 15
• 3) 건강염려 분석 16
• 4) 사회바람직성 분석 17
• Ⅲ. 결과 및 고찰 20
• 1. 결과 20
• 1) 소비자 인적사항 20
• 2) JAR 데이터 분석 24
• (1) 단맛 24
• (2) 신맛 26
• (3) 쓴맛 28
• (4) 떫은 맛 30
• (5) 레몬향미 32
• 3) Hedonic 데이터 분석 34
• (1) 전반적 기호도 34
• (2) 외관 기호도 37
• (3) 단맛 기호도 37
• (4) 신맛 기호도 37
• (5) 쓴맛 기호도 38
• (6) 떫은 맛 기호도 38
• (7) 레몬향미 기호도 39
• 4) JAR과 Hedonic 데이터 비교분석 39
• (1) JAR Scale과 Hedonic Scale의 개인별 농도 비교 39
• (2) JAR Scale과 Hedonic Scale의 개인별 결과 선호도 조사 41
• (3) 사회바람직성과의 관계 44
• (4) 건강염려와의 관계 45
• (5) 식생활 총점과의 관계 45
• 5) JAR과 Hedonic 데이터의 최적농도 선호도 조사 46
• Ⅳ. 요약 및 결론 48
• 참고문헌 51
• Abstract 64
• Appendices 67