Ultrasonic Atomizer for Aeroponic Cultivation: Effect of Nutrient Solution Dosage, Voltage, and Horn Dimensions

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Purpose Due to the advantages of aeroponic compared to other cultivation systems, the advantages of piezoelectric ultrasonic compared to other mist makers, and lack of research done to study the parameters affecting the misting rate of nutrient solutions with the approach used in aeroponic systems, the current work was carried out.
Methods The effects of dosage of nutrient solution, voltage, horn diameter, and horn height on the misting rate, circuit current, power consumption, amplitude of sound waves, Δ pH, Δ EC (electrical conductivity), and Δ TDS (total dissolved solids) were investigated. Physical properties of the solution (density, viscosity, surface tension, and speed of sound) were measured.
Moreover, optimization was performed to determine suitable ranges of independent variables.
Results Obtained results showed that the four mentioned independent variables significantly affect the six dependent variables (P<1%). The misting rate was in the range of 96 to 411.6 g h−1. At the temperature of 25 °C and for different concentrations of fertilizer, the density, surface tension, viscosity, speed of sound in the solution, initial TDS, and initial pH varied between 1002.3– 1004.8 kg m−3, 73.33–74.42 mN m−1, 1.009–1.395 mPa s, 1489–1502 m s−1, 1323–8865 mg L−1, and 6.18–6.84, respectively.
Also, theoretically calculated mist mean droplet diameter was in the range of 2.868 to 2.880 μm for different fertilizer doses.
Conclusion Mist generation by piezoelectric ceramics is an efficient method for use in aeroponic systems. Although the obtained misting rates in this study differ from the industrial values, the use of several piezoelectric ceramics is the simplest solution to this problem.

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