『이륜행실도』 이판본의 계통과 국어사적 연구 = The 『Iryunhaengsildo』 different editions system and study from the viewpoint of national language history

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is establishing the system of 『Iryunhaengsildo』 different editions and studying the Hangeul versions of various different editions from the viewpoint of national language history. All existing different editions of 『Iryunhaengsildo』 are collected and analysis on bibliography and content was done to establish the system of different editions. The translation difference of various different edition Hangeul versions are summarized by their types and the variations in writing, phoneme, vocabulary and form in the different editions were studied.
In order to study the language variation of 『Iryunhaengsildo』 different editions and learn the flow of them from the viewpoint of national language history, the different editions archived by institutes and individuals at home and abroad were collected. In addition, the ‘friend’ section and the ‘sibling’ section of 『Iryunhaengsildo』 were included in the study scope. According to the investigation by the author, 62 books of 『Iryunhaengsildo』 different editions. The 62 kinds are; first edition, Gyoseogwan edition intermediate version, Gyoseogwan edition third version, Giyeong edition, Wonyeong edition, Haeyeong edition, Yeongyeong edition and period unknown edition. Among these different editions, the books in good state were chosen as the representative book of each edition. The variation from the viewpoint of national language history was studied and the style of translation was compared by the representative book of each edition.
In Chapter 2 bibliographic study, the system of 『Iryunhaengsildo』 is established by studying the bibliography of different editions. As the result of bibliographic study, the system of 『Iryunhaengsildo』 can be classfied into; first edition main stream, Gyoseogwan edition intermediate version main stream, Gyoseogwan edition third version main stream, Gamyeong edition fourth version main stream, Mugangi main stream and 『Iryunhaengsildo』 stream. The system of 『Iryunhaengsildo』 by the style of engraving, such as whether the book has illustration or not, the difference in minuteness and the figure of lamb in the story of ‘lamb sharing(卜式分畜)’, consists of 3 kinds: first edition kind, intermediate edition kind (Gyoseogwan editions and Gamyeong editions) and 『Iryunhaengsildo』 kind.
In Chapter 3, variations in writing, phoneme, vocabulary and form in the Hangeul version of 『Iryunhaengsildo』 different editions are studied.
3.1. Regarding writing variation, the characteristics are compared for ending of word, middle of word, beginning of word and lateral writing. Regarding the end of word writing, the writing of consonant at the end of stem, the writing variation of end sound ‘ㄷ’ and ‘ㅅ’, and, the writing of consonant group at the end of stem were compared. Regarding the writing of fortis in the middle of word, the writing of fortis in the middle of word, the writing of aspirate sound in the middle of word and the writing of middle of word ‘ㄹ-ㄴ’ were compared.
In 3.2 phoneme variation, the representative phoneme variation of recent age national language was studied such as the ‘ㆍ’ becoming non-phoneme, the variation process of ‘ㅿ’, palatalization and vowel rounding, becoming a fortis and becoming an aspirated sound.
First, the sound value of ‘ㆍ’ was unstable from the beginning. The first step variation of ‘ㆍ’ went on inside morpheme and it was expanded to morpheme boundary and dark location in the Gyoseogwan edition. The second step variation of ‘ㆍ’ is ‘ㆍ’ becoming ‘ㅏ’ like the ‘가마니’ example in first edition. ‘ㅿ’ was substantially used in the first edition; however, it was changed to ‘ㅅ’ or ‘ㅇ’ in Hakbongjongtaek edition.
Regarding palatalization, the ‘ㄷ’ palatalization and ‘ㄴ’ palatalization examples are seen; however, there is no ‘ㅎ’ palatalization example. The only example is ‘심ᄡᅧ’ in ‘오륜ᄒᆡᆼ실’. Vowel rounding is not seen in the first edition; however, there are some examples in Gyoseogwan edition and Giyeong edition. There is some becoming-fortis at the middle of word in the first edition; however, it is limited in some part. However, becoming-fortis in the middle of word is active in Gyoseogwan edition. The only examples of becoming an aspirated sound are ‘칼’ in the beginning of word and ‘맛티-’ in the middle of word. However, becoming an aspirated sound, when it is combined and abbreviated at the boundary of morpheme, is seen in the first edition and it continues in later age editions.
In 3.3 form change, the variation of postposition and the ending of word were studied. The variation of postposition is not different from the flow of national language history. When an edition of a book is published multiple times, the book uses conservative expression under the influence of original edition. The 『Iryunhaengsildo』 also shows this trend. The word ending variation was studied by classifying it into ‘word ending appearing at the ending of previous word’, ‘word ending at stem linking the word to next word’ and ‘word ending which finishes a sentence’. The variation of word ending is also well reflected of national language history characteristic at time of publishing. For instance, the ‘-오-’, which is a word ending appearing at the ending of previous word, was used in first edition without exception; however, it was selectively used in the Gyoseogwan edition. Later in Giyeong edition, there are more examples of not using ‘-오-’. This variation is same with the flow of national language history.
In 3.4, vocabulary variation, the variations of noun, verb and adverb were studied. Regarding the vocabulary variation characteristic of 『Iryunhaengsildo』 editions, more Chinese character words were used in the later editions. In addition, there are some rare vocabularies, which are used in only in 『Iryunhaengsildo』 or, even they are used in other literature, the examples are very rare. The examples are ‘앗보치’, ‘ᄃᆞᆮ즈우리다’, ‘아니완ᄒᆞ다’, ‘봄놀다’, ‘삽지지다’, ‘측측다’ and ‘브듸이’. These are replaced with vocabularies with significant relation in Gyoseogwan edition and later editions.
In section 4, the translation of 『Iryunhaengsildo』 different editions are studied by replacement, addition and deletion. The system of editions based on translation is similar to the classification based on engraving style. The classification by engraving style is: first edition kind, intermediate edition kind and 『Iryunhaengsildo』 kind. The system by translation is classified into first edition kind, intermediate edition kind, transcription kind and 『Iryunhaengsildo』 kind. The reason of the similarity is that the roles of engraving and translation are same in transmitting the content of main text. The expression becomes different between the case of being faithful to original content and the case of trying to have readers understand the content easier.
It is difficult to establish the system of national language history flow by 『Iryunhaengsildo』 only. However, it is also necessary to establish a system by organizing and comparing different editions of single literature. The comparative study on the 『Iryunhaengsildo』 different editions is useful in learning the variation process of national language from 16th century to 18th century.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본고는 『이륜행실도』 이판본의 계통을 세우고 여러 이본의 언해문을 국어사적으로 고찰하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 현재 전하는 『이륜행실도』 이판본을 모두 수집하여 이들에 대한 서지 분석과 내용 분석을 수행하여 이판본들의 계통을 세울 것이다. 이어서 여러 이판본 언해문의 번역 차이를 유형별로 정리하며, 여러 판본 간 표기 변화, 음운 변화, 어휘 변화, 형태 변화 등을 고찰하였다.
2장에서는 수집한 『이륜행실도』 이판본의 목록을 작성하여 제시하고, 주요 판본 간 서지적 특성과 판화 양식을 비교하여 『이륜행실도』 이판본의 계통을 세웠다. 서지적 특성에 대한 정밀한 분석을 통해, 『이륜행실도』 이판본의 계통을 초간본류, 교서관판 중간본류, 교서관판 삼간본류, 감영판 사간본류, 무간기본류, 『오륜행실도』류 등으로 나누었다.
판화의 양식에 따른 계통 분류는 삽화의 삽입 유무, 세밀도의 차이, 복축분식(卜式分畜) 조항의 양 그림 등을 기준으로 하였다. 이 기준들에 나타난 차이점을 근거로 『이륜행실도』 이판본의 계통을 검토한 결과, 초간본 계통, 중간본 계통, 『오륜행실도』 계통으로 나누어졌다. 중간본 계통에는 교서관판류와 감영판류가 속한다.
3장에서는 『이륜행실도』 이판본들의 언해문을 대상으로 표기, 음운, 형태, 어휘의 변화를 고찰하였다.
3.1절, 표기 변화에서는 병서 표기를 어말, 어중, 어두 환경으로 나누어 초간본의 양상이 후대본에서 달라진 양상을 비교 검토하였다. 어말 표기는 어간말자음의 표기, 종성 ‘ㄷ’과 ‘ㅅ’의 표기, 어간말자음군의 표기 등을 비교하였다. 어중 표기는 어중 경음 표기와 어중 유기음 표기, 어중 ‘ㄹ-ㄴ’ 표기를 비교하였다. 그 결과, 초간본에서는 15세기 표기 경향이 강하게 남아 있었으나, 교서관판류에서는 중세국어와 근대국어의 과도기적인 특징이 반영되었음을 밝혔다. 감영판류는 보수적인 표기 경향이 일부 존재하지만 근대국어의 특징이 우세하게 반영되었다.
3.2절, 음운 변화에서는 ‘ㆍ’의 비음운화와 ‘ㅿ’의 변화 과정, 구개음화와 원순모음화, 경음화, 격음화 등 중세국어와 근대국어의 대표적인 음운 변화가 어떤 과정으로 진행되는지를 살펴보았다.
3.2절, 음운 변화에서는 ‘ㆍ’의 비음운화와 ‘ㅿ’의 변화 과정, 구개음화와 원순모음화, 경음화, 격음화 등 중세국어와 근대국어의 대표적인 음운 변화가 어떤 과정으로 진행되는지를 살펴보았다.
3.3절, 형태 변화에서는 조사와 어미로 나누어 이판본 간에 나타난 변화 양상을 기술하였다.
첫째, 조사의 경우, 격조사의 변화는 국어사 흐름과 큰 차이가 없다. 다만 여러 차례 중간한 이판본의 경우 저본의 영향이 남아 보수적인 특징을 보이기 마련인데 『이륜행실도』에서도 이 같은 경향이 보인다.
둘째, 어미의 경우, 선어말어미와 연결어미, 종결어미로 나누어 살펴본 결과 각 이판본마다 간행 시기의 특징이 잘 반영되어 있었다.
3.4절, 어휘 변화에서는 명사, 동사, 부사 등으로 나누어 어휘의 형태와 의미 변화를 논하였다.『이륜행실도』 이판본 간 어휘 변화에서 나타난 큰 특징은 후대본으로 갈수록 한자어로 교체되는 양상이 뚜렷하다는 점이다.
4장에서는 『이륜행실도ㅍ 이판본의 번역 양상을 비교하여 이판본 간의 차이점과 영향 관계를 논하였다. 『이륜행실도』의 번역문[언해문]은 교화의 목적에 맞게 원문의 의미 전달에 초점을 두고 있다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 1. 서론 1
• 1.1. 연구 목적 1
• 1.2. 연구 범위 및 방법 3
• 1.3. 선행 연구 검토 11
• 2. 서지적 고찰과 이판본의 계통 15
• 2.1. 『이륜행실도』의 체제와 내용 16
• 2.2. 『이륜행실도』의 서지 분석 20
• 2.2.1. 초간본류 22
• 2.2.2. 교서관판 중간본류 23
• 2.2.3. 교서관판 삼간본류 26
• 2.2.4. 감영판 사간본류 29
• 2.3. 『이륜행실도』의 계통 분류 48
• 2.3.1. 서지 사항에 따른 계통 분류 48
• 2.3.2. 판화 양식에 따른 계통 분류 52
• 3. 국어학적 고찰 73
• 3.1. 표기 변화 73
• 3.1.1. 어간말 자음 표기 73
• 3.1.1.1. 연철, 중철, 분철 표기 73
• 3.1.1.2. 종성 ‘ㄷ’, ‘ㅅ’ 표기 82
• 3.1.1.3. 어간말자음군 표기 86
• 3.1.2. 어중 자음 표기 88
• 3.1.2.1. 어중 경음 표기 88
• 3.1.2.2 어중 유기음 표기 91
• 3.1.2.3. 어중 ㄹ-ㄴ 표기 95
• 3.1.3. 합용병서 표기 97
• 3.2. 음운 변화 106
• 3.2.1. ‘ㆍ’의 변화 106
• 3.2.2. ‘ㅿ’의 변화 114
• 3.2.3. 구개음화 117
• 3.2.4. 원순모음화 123
• 3.2.5. 경음화 127
• 3.2.6. 유기음화 132
• 3.3. 형태 변화 135
• 3.3.1. 조사 135
• 3.3.2. 어미 147
• 3.4. 어휘 변화 161
• 3.4.1. 명사 162
• 3.4.2. 동사 169
• 3.4.3. 부사 174
• 4. 이판본의 번역 양상 비교 179
• 4.1. 교체 184
• 4.1.1. 어휘 교체 184
• 4.1.2. 구문 교체 194
• 4.1.3. 어순 교체 197
• 4.2. 첨가 200
• 4.3. 삭제 204
• 5. 결론 212
• <참고문헌> 218
• <부록> 227
• <영문초록> 235