대한제국의 정치적 결사 관련 법령 변천의 헌법사적 의미 = Changes in Statutes on Political Associations in Daehan Empire from the Perspective of Constitutional History

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Political associations, including political parties, aim to collect public opinion and to have an influence on national politics. For this reason, political associations are closely connected with parliamentary system, electoral system, freedom of speech and freedom of association. Political associations were western form of organization, new and heterogeneous in Daehan Empire whose political order was based on Confucianism.
Daehan Empire was established in 1897 and existed for approximately 13 years. The most urgent challenge it faced was to survive as an independent state. Kojong the emperor`s scheme was to reinforce the traditional political order, while a significant number intellectuals wanted to adopt the Western model including the constitution and parliamentary system. Many of these intellectuals chose to organize political associations as means of expressing their argument. They desired to make public opinion and reflect it in the field of politics by the medium of political associations.
As political associations appeared in the early Daehan Empire, statutes regarding associations began to be declared. At the time of Independence Club, the first political association in Korea, the main stance Kojong and his edict took was that associations were formed in the private sector therefore they could not have a part in politics. Associations of political character were not accepted. After the Russo-Japanese War, however, Daehan Empire became a semi-colony of Japan and Kojong could not suppress political associations anymore. In the year 1907, `Security Law` was enacted. It authorized the government to dissolve an associations of any kind to maintain public order. The public order was generally determined by the interest of Japan. Now political associations were not all banned, but they could be dissolved at any time without any constitutional guarantee of freedom of association.

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