1920-1940년대 소비에트 언어학에 대한 비판적 고찰 -마르주의를 중심으로-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

It would clearly have been impossible -within a relatively restricted space and even with primary concentration on Marrism to record and evaluated all contributions, including those of such eminent scholars as Marr. Meshchaninov. Peshkovskii. Moscow Phonological School, Polivanov, Their destinies were in some respects particularly affected by the political and ideological vagaries of their time. Their work. however, follows largely in the well established traditions of the great Kazan. Moscow and Petersburg Linguistic Schools. For the purpose of this paper. The date of departure has been taken as 1917 (the October Revolution ) and 1950 as the terminal point (Stalin`s repudiation of Marrism). Apart from a summary view of the years of transition and innovation (1917-1929). attention has been focused on N.Ya Marr(1864-1934). In linking linguistic to soci0-economic phases of development. Marr also followed the findings of Marxist sociology by suggesting the possibility of spasmodic momentum of revolutionary shifts which could under certain circumstances generate an abrupt transformation of linguistic material indication progress from a lower order ot a higher. In line with this new orientation was the concept of language as a class phenomenon. Marr maintained that the languages used by members of the same class of society in countries with identical social structures showed greater typological kinship with one another than with "different-ranking" dialects or sociolects form their native environments. All languages of the world were said to derive from the four monosyllabic combinations {sal}, {ber}, {jon} and {ros}. According to Marr all words in all languages may be resolved into four elements. At the same time he saw subsequent linguistic development as associated with changes in social attitudes and modes of thoughts. I.I.Meshchaninov gave a more adequate representation of the new trend in research: relationg the patterns of language and thought as components of the superstructure to changing conditions in the ma