투르크메니스탄의 정치변동과 정치전통에 관한 분석 - 부족주의, 합의, 민주주의적 토대를 중심으로 = Analysis on the Political Fluctuation and Tradition of Turkmenistan - Focused on Tribalism, Consensus and Democratic Foundation

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this article is to analyze the political fluctuation and tradition of Turkmenistan from the view of tribalism, consensus and democratic foundation. Long Turkmen history shows that its society has maintained peace and prosperity with the tribal basis which has weak point of easily being attacked by other powers. Turkmens did not even possess their own unified nation-state until the advent of Soviet Union, although its form was not entirely independent country like today`s Turkmenistan. Five main tribes represent turkmen`s people and their respective features are peculiar, so understanding of their existence is very imperative to know their political situation. The Tekes are regarded as the anti-Russians, so its political elites were discriminated during the Soviet Union but the Perestroika period. Nowadays the Tekes which take the most largest proportion of population play main role in political arena, with the fact that the two Presidents belonged and belong to the same tribe. Turkmens keep the long tradition of consensus spirit and democratic minds because they maintained the nomadic lives and the mobile culture. They need consensus of tribe people to make decisions like the election of their Leader or the declaration of war. In this course, they talk each other and discuss urgent issues to get the conclusion. This process prevented someone from being dictator. Halk Malahaty showed the typical expression of the Tumen`s spirit of consensus and democracy, but now it changed as larger constituent organ of parliament. In conclusion, the political tradition of Turkmenistan can be analysed as the structure based on tribes, consensus sprit and democratic foundation.

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