런던의 유대인: 16세기 유대인의 연극적 생산과 소비 분석

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The essay attempts to explain the significance and effect of theatrical presence of Jews on the early modern English stage by discussing Christopher Marlowe’s Jew of Malta and William Shakespeare’s The Merchant of Venice in particular. To understand theatrical presences of Jews, the essay discusses the absence of real or official Jews in the sixteenth century England, as a result of the early banishment of them from the land since 1290 under the reign of Edward I. The absence of real object rather produced unrealistically exaggerated and fantasized stereotypical images of Jewish people, readily adopted by contemporary playwrights as an emblem of evil and alien. Furthermore, the actual case of Dr. Lopez, a Marano physician, accused for attempting to poison the Queen in 1594, brought a synergic effect of the popularity of the plays as well as the execution of Dr. Lopez. To conclude what effects the Jew plays had on the Elizabethan audience, the essay discusses genre discourses around The Jew of Malta and The Merchant of Venice, often fluctuating between tragedy and comedy. Not conforming to conventional genre classifications, I suggest relocating the plays as a sheer entertainment corresponding to contemporary sports, wrestling, focusing on each play’s theatrical strength, competition like plotline between evil aliens, and finally pleasure provided although not necessarily siding with one. The fictional representation of Barabas and Shylock might have delivered pleasure to the audience by repetitive displays of their suffering, desperate struggle, proficient skills to revenge, and catastrophic defeat in the end. Stage Jews present a capable enemy worth fighting against and a notoriously powerful sports player that sells in early modern England.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론
• Ⅱ. 상상 속의 유대인
• Ⅲ. 희생되는 유대인
• Ⅳ. 유대인이 등장하는 레슬링 경기
• Ⅴ. 결론
• 인용문헌
• Abstract

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Greenblatt, Stephen, "Will in the World: How Shakespeare Became Shakespeare" W. W. Norton Company 2004

2 Girard, Rene, "Violence and the Sacred" The Johns Hopkins UP 1977

3 Vitkus, Daniel, "Turks and Jews in The Jew of Malta, In Early Modern English Drama: A Critical Companion" Oxford UP 61-72, 2006

4 Girard, Rene, "To Entrap the Wisest: Sacrificial Ambivalence in The Merchant of Venice and Richard III, In A Theater of Envy: William Shakespeare" St.Augustine’s Press 243-255, 2004

5 Anderson, David K., "The Theater of the Damned: Religion and the Audience in the Tragedy of Christopher Marlowe" 54 (54): 79-109, 2012

6 Greenblatt, Stephen, "The Norton Shakespeare: Based on the Oxford Edition" Norton 1997

7 Brower, Stewart, "The Life and Death of Muhammad Hassan"

8 Berek, Peter, "The Jew as Renaissance Man" 51 (51): 128-162, 1998

9 Chambers, E. K., "The Elizabethan Stage Vol. III" Clarendon Press 1923

10 Shapiro, James, "Shakespeare and the Jews" Columbia UP 1996

11 Garber, Marjorie, "Shakespeare After All" Anchor Books 2004

12 Bowers, Rick, "Radical Comedy in Early Modern England: Contexts, Cultures, Performances" Ashgate 2008

13 O’Rouke, James, "Racism and Homophobia in The Merchant of Venice" 70 : 375-397, 2003

14 Tromly, Fred B., "Playing with desire: Christopher Marlowe and the Art of Tantalization" U of Toronto P 1998

15 Barthes, Roland, "Mythologies" Hill and Wang 1972

16 Biberman, Matthew, "Masculinity, Anti-Semitism and Early Modern English Literature: From the Satanic to the Effeminate Jew" Ashgate 2004

17 Rocklin, Edward, "Marlowe as experimental dramatist : the role of the audience in The Jew of Malta, In A Poet and a Filthy Play-Maker: New Essays on Christopher Marlowe" AMS Press 129-142, 1988

18 Warikoo, Niraj, "Major Wrestling Show Rubs Terror Wounds Raw"

19 Berek, Peter, "Looking Jewish” on the Early Modern Stage, In Religion and Drama in Early Modern England" Ashgate 55-70, 2011

20 Harbage, Alfred, "Innocent Barabas" 8 (8): 47-58, 1964

21 Kaplan, M. Lindsay, "Examination of Roderigo Lopez, In Merchant of Venice: Texts and Contexts" Bedford/St.Martin’s 2002

22 Bevington, David, "English Renaissance Drama: A Norton Anthology" W.W. Norton 2002

23 Cartelli, Thomas, "Endless play : the false starts of Marlowe’s Jew of Malta, In A Poet and a Filthy Play-Maker: New Essays on Christopher Marlowe" AMS Press 117-128, 1988

24 Linthicum, M C., "Costume in the Drama of Shakespeare and His Contemporaries" Russell & Russell 1963

25 Harbage, Alfred, "Annals of English Drama 975-1700: An Analytical Record of All Plays, Extant or Lost, Chronologically Arranged and Indexed by Authors, Titles, Dramatic Companies, &c. Revised by S. Schoenbaum" Methuen & CoLtd 1964

26 Kermode, Lloyd Edward, "Aliens and Englishness in Elizabethan Drama" Cambridge UP 2009