한․중 역병(疫病) 귀신 이미지의 비교 고찰-고전 서사 문학을 중심으로- = A comparative study on the images of gods and ghosts of the epidemic disease between Korea and China -Centering on the classical narrative literature-

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In the face of the epidemic disease, the ancient Korean and Chinese people had the same behavior of praying to gods and ghosts because they were unable to have a scientific pathological understanding of this disease. To the ancient Korea and China, both in the East Asian cultural circle, what were the images of gods and ghosts of the epidemic disease in these two countries, and what were the cultural genes behind them? With the above questions, this paper took the Korean and Chinese classical narrative literature as the research materials, and made a comparative study on the similarities and differences of the images of gods and ghosts of epidemic disease between the ancient Korea and China. This paper is mainly divided into two parts: the gods and ghosts of the epidemic disease with the appearances of the men or women, and the gods and ghosts of the epidemic disease with the appearances of the elderly or children.
The gods and ghosts of the epidemic disease in the ancient Korea and China which are both in the East Asian cultural circle are very different from those of the West. Although the ghosts of the epidemic disease in these two countries look terrible, their images are sometimes pitiful. In addition, the gods of the epidemic disease are the gods who spread the epidemic and kill human beings, as well as the gods to cure the human beings.
The gods and ghosts of the epidemic disease of the two countries not only have this similarity, but also show obvious differences because of the distinctions in the types of main stream religions, the types of civilizations, people's pathological understanding of the epidemic disease and other aspects.
In the ancient Korea, the gods with the appearances of the men are often portrayed as the majestic type or the Confucian type, while the gods with the appearances of women are mostly beautiful and young. In the aspect of character, the narrative does not particularly emphasize the good side or the bad side of their characters. In other words, their characters have several different dimensions. In the ancient China, if they are the Gods of plague, they are often portrayed as the heartless and majestic type. At the same time, their often have specific appearance elements such as red hair and blue face and so on. If they are the Gods of pox, they are often portrayed as the sage-like type Taoists. The gods with the appearances of women are mostly beautiful and young. For human women, an important condition for becoming a goddess of the epidemic disease is whether they have done good deeds before death. However, the ancient Korean did not regard this as an important condition for becoming a goddess of the epidemic disease. In the aspect of their characters, the characters of the Chinese gods of epidemic disease with the appearances of the men or women are flat and lack of vitality. In addition, "the Visitors from other places " is also one of the images of the gods of the epidemic disease in the ancient Korea, but this feature is relatively rare in the ancient China.
The narrative of the ghosts of the epidemic disease who are in human form in the ancient Korea and China is not as diverse as the narrative of the gods, and there are no great differences between the images of the ghosts of the epidemic disease and the traditional ghosts in these two countries. In the narrative of these two countries, if the gods and ghosts of the epidemic disease appear as an old woman or a child, their are not the gods of the epidemic disease, but rather the ghosts of the epidemic disease. Furthermore, in the Chinese narrative, there is a unique image of the ghosts of the epidemic disease who often wear yellow clothes and carry a bamboo suitcase on their backs to spread the epidemic disease. In fact, the ghosts of the epidemic disease in ancient Korea and China often appear with the nonhuman forms, and a comparative study of this theme will be carried out as a follow-up research.

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