선하증권상 화물의 외관 상태의 기재의무에 관한 고찰 = A Study on the Obligation to Describe the Apparent Order and Condition of the Goods on the Bill of Lading

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Rules distinguish between information in the bill of lading which is provided by the shipper, as to which the shipper is deemed to have given a guarantee of its accuracy and has an obligation to indemnify the carrier in the event that the information is inaccurate, and the apparent order and condition of the cargo, which is not provided by the shipper and as to which the shipper gives no guarantee and undertakes no obligation to indemnify the carrier.
As matters currently stand, in the absence of an express indemnity in a voyage charterparty, a voyage charterer or shipper is not responsible for the inaccuracy of including the words ‘apparent good order and condition’ in a draft bill of lading.
The Tai Prize decision is unsurprising in result in that it reaffirms the Master’s obligations under the Hague-Visby regime. The Supreme Court has refused permission to appeal and has therefore affirmed the decision of the Court of Appeal.
It observed that a case on slightly different facts particularly if it could be shown that shippers had knowledge of the defective condition of the cargo, might well attract judicial consideration in the future.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 한국선주상호보험, "해상클레임 예방가이드(33): 정기용선계약 상 선주와 용선자간 화물클레임의 책임분담(Inter-Club Agreement)" (515) : 2016

2 신학승, "정기용선계약에서 제3자 화물손해 책임에 관한 연구" 한국통상정보학회 15 (15): 229-258, 2013

3 박원형 ; 최영봉, "운송인 특정과 선박관리인의 지위에 관한 연구 - 미국 COGSA를 중심으로 -" 한국국제상학회 24 (24): 121-137, 2009

4 이정선 ; 허은숙, "용선체인(Charter Chain)하에서 발행된 선하증권 상의 부지문구 해석에 관한 연구" 한국경영컨설팅학회 22 (22): 191-205, 2022

5 한낙현, "용선을 통한 해상운송계약상 파손화물보상장의 문구해석에 관한 판례분석" 한국관세학회 13 (13): 269-287, 2012

6 송진구, "영국법상 국제매매계약에서 선박매매계약의 위반에 따른협정손해배상에 관한 연구" 산업경영연구소 43 (43): 219-242, 2020

7 최명국, "선화증권 상의 Retla 약관의 유효성에 관한 연구" 한국무역상무학회 61 : 93-111, 2014

8 이원정, "선하증권상 레틀라약관의 효력" 한국관세학회 15 (15): 217-234, 2014

9 양석완, "선박관리회사의 대내외적 법률관계" 국제거래법학회 24 (24): 197-225, 2015

10 양석완, "로테르담 규칙에 있어서 송하인(shipper)의 의무와 책임" 법학연구원 (61) : 533-574, 2011

11 김대래 ; 최도수, "로테르담 규칙 제36조의 계약명세에 관한 연구" 법학연구소 58 (58): 217-252, 2017

12 김상만, "국제해상운송에서 선하증권의 권리증권성과 파손화물보상장에 대한 고찰 - 영국법을 중심으로 -" 법무부 (91) : 155-173, 2020

13 Sharma, J., "Think Recoveries: Case Update-Subrogated Underwriters Left to Fill Costs ‘Black Hole’"

14 Cunningham, T. M., "The “Tai Prize”–The Court of Appeal reaffirms the Master’s duty to independently record the order and condition of cargo"

15 MECO Group, "The Tai Prize: Permission to Appeal Refused by Supreme Court"

16 Birch, R., "The Tai Prize Appeal"

17 Biltoo, M., "Shippers’ tender of draft clean bill is only an invitation for Master to assess the condition of the cargo"

18 Hepburn, S., "Representations as to “apparent order and condition” and the tender of a draft bill of lading" 415-419, 2021

19 Terzi, A., "Is “Clean on Board”, clean enough?"

20 Gard, "English law-The RETLA rust clause"

21 Charest, D. H., "A Fresh Look at the Treatment of Vessel Managers Under COGSA" 78 : 885-891, 2004