성(誠)사상의 한국교육사적 전개와 지적성장 = The Development and Intellectual Growth of Seong Thought in Korean Education History

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study is done on the development and intellectual growth of Seong(誠) Thought in Korean education history. The Seong(誠) means the law of nature and man's mind of truth in Confucianism. Confucianism-focused education has been introduced and developed in Korean education history and Confucianism is positioned at the center of Korean educational tradition. The thought by ideal man, which can be achieved through education in Confucianism, has been expressed as the "Seong" and it has formed the educational system of Confucianism and become traditional educational thought by intellectual growth through educational development, Seong, as the nature of educational in Confucianism, can be achieved and presented for educational human character through educational efforts by Jinseong(盡性) that means doing one's best for innate personality. Such Seong Thought has educational system. The educational system to realize the Seong Thought consists of Jondeokseong(尊德性) that means respect to virtue and Domunhak(道問學) that means the study of learning and practice. Jondeokseong(尊德性) is the way to cultivate human virtue and it comprises human attitude, the view of value, internal personality in faith, and conscience. Jondeokseong(尊德性) is to respect individual's conscience and to have thoughtful mind, which can be achieved by Sindok(愼獨) that means individual's prudence. Domunhak(道問學) is the cultivation and practice of intellectual abilities that can be accomplished by Hakji(學知; learning) and Ihaeng(利行; practice). Hakji(學知) is the way of learning and it menas the internalization of knowledge by careful thought to cultivate the thinking power and acute reasoning to cultivate judgement, starting from external learning type of erudition and questioning. Ihaeng(利行) is to practice knowledge that is internalized by Hakji(學知). Ihaeng(利行) is sincere behavior to practice closely through persistence to hold strongly to virtue, and its ground is constant self-efforts. Seong Thought, which had been developed as the educational system of Confucianism since the period of the Three States in ancient Korea, has made intellectual growth in the Joseon Dynasty period through public education with teaching materials supply for educational development and the arrangement of ceremony. The development of public education by teaching materials supply is to fulfill practical ethics for the edification of people based on Seong Thought, and the purpose of teaching materials supply is to settle the society of Neo-Confucianism of having the theory of righteousness and moral obligation. The development of education by the arrangement of ceremony is to practice the ideology of Seong Thought in people's daily lives by the edification of the society through the arrange of ceremony for social norms based on Neo-Confucianism of having the theory of righteousness and moral obligation. The educational development and intellectual growth of Seong Thought has become the basis of forming traditional education in Korean education history. Seong Thought, therefore, as the educational thinking system of Confucianism, has positioned as traditional education in Korea through the educational development and intellectual growth and contributed to the identity of Korean education.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

성(誠)사상은 유학의 교육적 사유체제로 성립된 것으로, 한국교육사에서 교육전통의 중심으로 자리 잡았다. 유학에서 교육적으로 완성되는 이상적 인간의 사유는 ‘성(誠)’으로 표현되었고, 유학의 교육체계를 형성하여 교육적 전개를 통하여 지적성장을 하면서 한국의 전통교육사상이 되었다. 한국의 전통교육은 유학을 근저로한 성사상의 교육적 전개와 지적성장의 역사성을 갖고 있다. 유학에서 교육의 본성으로서의 성은 생득적으로 부여 받은 인간의 성품이 그 성품을 다하는 ‘진성(盡性)’의 교육적인 노력을 통하여 교육적 인간상으로 완성되어 나타난 것이다. 이와 같은 성사상의 교육체계는 존덕성(尊德性)과 도문학(道問學)으로 구성된다. 삼국시대부터 유학을 기반으로 발달한 성사상은 조선시대에 이르러 그 교육적 전개로서 교재보급을 통한 대중교육과 의례정비를 통하여 지적성장을 이루었다. 교재보급을 통한 대중교육의 전개는 성사상에 입각한 대중의 교화로서 실천윤리를 실천하기 위한 교재의 보급은 의리명분론의 성리학적 사회를 정착시키기 위한 것이었다. 의례정비를 통한 교육의 전개는 성리학적 의리명분론에 입각한 생활규범을 위한 의례의 정비를 통하여 사회를 교화하여 성(誠)사상의 이념을 생활 속에서 실천하기 위한 것이었다. 성사상의 교육적인 전개와 지적성장은 한국교육사에서 전통교육을 형성하는 토대가 되었다. 그리하여 유학의 교육적 사유체제로서 성사상은 한국교육사에서 교육적 전개와 지적성장을 통하여 한국의 전통교육으로 자리하면서 한국교육의 정체성을 확립하였다.

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