에스겔서에 나타난 ‘하나님의 영(רוּחַ/루아흐)’의 신학적 의미: 하나님의 백성 안에 임재하는 하나님의 영 = The Theological Meaning of God’s Spirit(רוּחַ) in the Book of Ezekiel: The Spirit of God dwelling in God’s people

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 연구는 에스겔서에 나타난 하나님의 영을 조사하고 그 신학적 의미가 하나님의 주권적인 구원과 하나님의 백성이 되는 필수적인 요소에 있음을 밝힌다. 이를 통해 에스겔서 안에서 나타난 하나님의 영의 신학적 의미가 이스라엘 백성과 하나님의 백성의 구분, 성전을 대신하는 하나님의 백성 안에 임재, 그리고 하나님의 영으로 시작되는 완전한 구원 계획으로 발전하고 있음을 규명한다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study examines the theological meaning of God’s Spirit in the book of Ezekiel. In the Book of Ezekiel, the Spirit of God(Ezek. 1:12, 20[3], 21; 2:2; 3:12, 14, 24; 8:3; 10:17; 11:1, 5, 24[2]; 37:1; 43:5) develops theologically into God’s “my spirit”(Ezek. 36:27; 37:14; 39:29), and through this, it shows three distinct characteristics.
First, the Spirit of God in relation to the prophet Ezekiel shows the movement of the prophet and the development of the elements involved in his prophecy. This means “a development from elements of preclassical prophecy.” Conversely, God’s Spirit in relation to the people of Israel shows “the development of an anthropological spirit.” Second, instead of Yahweh’s glory, God’s Spirit symbolizes “Yahweh’s presence.” In the first part of the Book of Ezekiel, Ruah accompanied the glory of YHWH, but in the latter part, where the glory of YHWH is not mentioned, the Spirit of God clearly represents God. Third, the indwelling of the Spirit of God in the people is directly connected to the “grant of the land and the covenant relationship with God.” There are essential prerequisites for the ideal restoration of the new temple and new earth described in the Book of Ezekiel to recreate the Israelites as “God’s people with the Spirit of God.”
If the understanding of the spirit of the Old Testament observed the appearance of the Spirit of God influencing the inner self of humans during the Exile, the understanding of the Spirit of God in the Book of Ezekiel observes the spirit that creates a direct relationship between God and the people. In the Book of Ezekiel, the Spirit of God clearly changes the identity of the people into God’s people. In this way, complete recovery begins only through new changes such as recreation through the Spirit of God.
In addition, note that the intersection of the development of the anthropological spirit and the Spirit of God or the activities of the subjective Spirit of God revealed in the Book of Ezekiel are not directly related to the Trinity pneumatology of the New Testament. Rather, the progression from the anthropological spirit to the Spirit of God in the Book of Ezekiel refers not to the personality of the Spirit of God but to its connection with the “dwelling place and influence” of the Spirit of God. When the sanctuary, the place of God's presence, was absent, the interior of God’s people became the place of God’s presence, and the glory of YHWH, symbolizing God’s presence, was replaced by the Spirit of God.