연구논문 : 혁신주의시대 자유주의의 성격－NCF의 사상을 중심으로－ = The Characteristics of liberalism during the Progressive Era: Focusing on the Thought of the NCF

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 글은 미국 혁신주의시대 개혁자유주의의 성격을 파악하는데 목적을 둔다. 20세기 전환기 미국 자본주의의 폭발적인 성장은 새로운 사회적 문제들을 불러왔다. 대기업이 지배하는 산업사회는 이에 대응하는 노동조합의 파업을 야기하였고 미국의 미래를 불투명하게 만들고 있었다. 이에 자유주의적 개혁 조직 NCF는 계급갈등을 완화하여 산업의 평화를 확보하기 위한 제3의 길을 모색하였다. 그러나 NCF는 두 가지 대립적인 사상, 즉 미국 사회주의와 NAM과의 격렬한 논쟁을 전개해야 했다. NCF가 사회주의자들의 국가통제주의와 NAM의 시대착오적인 자유방임주의에 맞선 것은 자본주의의 효율성에 대한 신념에서 출발한 것이었다. 이를 위해 NCF는 사회주의자들과 NAM이 제기한 주장과 비난을 논박하기 위해 사회과학적 방법론과 그것에서 얻은 사실에 의존하였다. 그 결과 NCF가 제안한 새로운 자유주의는 기업과 사회문제에 정부의 개입을 확대함으로써 사회 개혁을 실현하는 것이었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this article is to examine the characteristics of reform liberalism during the Progressive Era in America. The nation at the turn of the twentieth century was getting highly industrialized and big business was getting more greedy. On the other hand, the restless labor was unionized and caused social unrest by periodic strikes. Under the circumstance, the NCF found the third way to achieve industrial peace through mediation by piecing together of all interested parties. The NCF attempted to develop a new political economy order that based upon moderate liberalism which was neither the left nor the right. But the NCF had to struggle against two strong competing notions of liberalism. The NCF’s fight against the socialists’ statism and the NAM’s unreconstructed laissez-faire liberalism grew from its belief in the efficiency of capitalism. The NCF relied on the methodologies of the social science to refute the claims and accusations advanced by socialists and the NAM. In this regard, the NCF’s liberalism sought to promote in response to dramatic economic and social change reforms that called for increased government involvement in the nation’s business and social affairs.

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