존 칼빈의 구원 확신론에 관한 고찰 = A Study on John Calvin`s Theology of Assurance of Salvation

국문 초록 (Abstract)

오늘날 기독교는 구원의 확신론에 대하여 매우 다양한 이해를 가지고 있다. 역사적 기독교에 등장하였던 왜곡된 구원의 확신론은 진정한 그리스도인의 정체성과 삶의 목적 그리고 내세론을 약화시키거나 잘못된 신앙관을 형성케하였다. 따라서 본 논문은 개혁신학의 초석을 마련하였던 존 칼빈의 구원의 확신론의 시대적, 이론적 배경을 살피고 다양한 신학적 주제들과의 유기적상관성을 고찰함으로서 건실한 그리스도인의 본질을 제시하고자 하였다. 칼빈은 로마 카톨릭과 재세례파의 구원의 확신론에 대한 성경적 비판을 통해 구원의 확신론을 정립하였다. 그는 구원의 확신은 하나님에 대한 확실한 지식에 근거한 믿음의 필수적인 요소이며, 그리스도의 객관적인 구원사역의 결과물임을 논증하였다. 칼빈은 확신론과 성례론을 비교하면서 영적인 은혜의 잔치에의 참여는 하나님의 은혜에 대한 확신을 경험케 하는 수단임을 강조하였다. 또한 칼빈은 실천적 삼단논법의 원리를 구사하여 확신론에 대한 활력을 제공하도록 노력하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

John Calvin argued in depth with two perspectives of Roman Catholics and Anabaptists on ‘Assurance of Salvation’ in his times. First of all, the perspective of Roman Catholics on this issue is directly related to the sacrament of penance and priestly absolution and ecclesiastical authority. Meanwhile Anabaptist understood the issue as a certainty of faith in an immediate revelation which is not bound to scriptural content. Calvin suggested that the total depravity of human being is to be the theoretical background of assurance of salvation. He has shown that it is impossible for the people to have assurance of salvation by their efforts, because of the total depravity of human reason. He also criticized the mystic assurance of salvation excluding the work of Holy Spirit. For him, the faith is rather including saving knowledge, God’s promises, real confidence than a mere intellectual assent, and also assurance of salvation is of the essence of faith. It is not an optional extra for the believer. Calvin argued that the Words of God is the only foundation and ground of assurance of salvation of the believer. Calvin described that the Holy Spirit is the witness and consoler of God’s people and the Spirit by the testimonium provides an objective ground for the subjective confirmation of the believer’s participation in Christ. Calvin also emphasized the fact that the sacraments are aids to assure our faith and do nourish, strengthen, increase, and sustain our faith. finally, although Calvin never refers in his writing the term ‘syllogismus practicus’ in direct, he admitted that our works can help to assure us of our assurance of salvation.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 유정우, "칼빈의 구원론에서 bona opera의 위치" 3 : 28-55, 2001

2 심명석, "개혁주의 구원론에 있어서의 회개의 중요성과 필요성: 칼빈을 중심으로" 한국복음주의신학회 50 : 157-177, 2009

3 Niesel, Wilhelm, "The Theology of Calvin" 1956

4 Hunter, A. Mitchell, "The Teaching of Calvin : A Modern Interpretation" Jackson, Son & Co 1943

5 Cunningham, William, "The Reformers and the Theology of the Reformation" T. &T. Clark 1862

6 Shepherd, Victor A, "The Nature and Function of Faith in the Theology of John Calvin" Regent College Publishing 2004

7 Dowey, Edward A, "The Knowledge of God in Calvin’s Theology" Columbia University 1952

8 Calvin, Joh, "The Institutes of the Christian Religion. 2 Vols" Westminster John Knox Press 1960

9 Parker, T. H. L., "The Doctrine of the Knowledge of God: A Study in Calvin’s Theology" 1952

10 Zachman, Randall, "The Assurance of Faith : Conscience in the Theology of Martin Luther and John Calvin" Fortress Press 1993

11 Berkhof, Louis, "The Assurance of Faith" Eerdmans 1939

12 Wallace, Ronald S, "Calvin’s Doctrine of the Word and Sacrament" Eerdmans 1953

13 Wallace, Ronald S, "Calvin’s Doctrine of the Christian Life" Oliver & Boyd 1959

14 Smith, John C., "Calvin: Unbelief in the Elect" 54 (54): 14-24, 1982

15 Wendel, Francois, "Calvin: The Origins and Development of His Religious Thought" Harper & Row 1950

16 Calvin, John., "Calvin's Commentaries. 12 Vols" Eerdmans 1960

17 Charles, Bell M, "Calvin and Scottish Theology : The Doctrine of Assurance" Handsel Press 1985

18 Kendall, R. T, "Calvin and English Calvinism to 1649" Oxford University Press 1979

19 Partee, Charles, "Calvin and Determinism" 5 : 123-128, 1975

20 Warfield, Benjamin B, "Calvin and Calvinism" Oxford University 1931

21 Mumaw, John R, "Assurance of Salvation" Herald Press 1950

22 Beeke, Joel R., "Assurance of Faith: Calvin, English Puritanism, and the Dutch Second Reformation" Frankfurt am 1994

23 Brooks, Thomas, "A New Edition Confiderably Amended and Abridged" MDCCLXXVII

24 Stuermannm Walter A, "A Critical Study of Calvin’s Concept of Faith" University of Tulsa 1952