As the temperature rise and the destruction of the environment caused by increased green house gas emissions emerge as problems of this age, The government is trying to establish greenhouse gas reduction through 2030 policy and introduce Green Campus ...
As the temperature rise and the destruction of the environment caused by increased green house gas emissions emerge as problems of this age, The government is trying to establish greenhouse gas reduction through 2030 policy and introduce Green Campus System to reduce green house gas emission at Universities. Under this background, the Ministry of Environment suggested ways to be improved as a Green-campus to Universities and accordingly proposed specific guidelines. Selecting a Green-campus is progressing, focusing on the aspects of architecture, installation, education, and local participation. However, parts of green spaces have not been included or evaluated on poor standards. Therefore, this study intends to suggest that the role of green spaces and their application can be extended to open-spaces as the ecological space associated with the surrounding forest area as well as to the ecological learning spaces for local residents and members. This study also intends to emphasize that these application plans can be implemented in conjunction with the spread of participation, the participation of Campuses, and the public participation. The current status of land-cover was analyzed with ArcGIS focusing on Sangmyung University in Cheonan. Field surveys were conducted for the current status of land-cover, the green structure, the percentage of green space, the green volume factors, the average Diameter of Breast Height (DBH), the tree features, and the vegetation structure. As a result, in the type of land-cover, the ratio of buildings and pavement was the highest at 58.4%. Impervious pavement and pervious pavement were respectably followed as 34.9% and 19.7%. The percentage of green spaces was at 20.5%.
In the current status of green spaces, the percentage of green area was the highest at 42.0% in learning spaces. The ratio of green coverage of trees and shrubs was the highest at 42.0% in learning spaces. In tree layers, 30.2% of space was at 0.5~1.0㎥/㎡ of the GVZ, which was the largest. 20.4% of space was under 0.5㎥/㎡ of the GVZ. In shrub layers, 30.1% of space was under 0.1㎥/㎡ of the GVZ, which was the highest. 19.3% of space was at 0.3∼0.4㎥/㎡ of the GVZ, which was high. As a result of tree planting density in green spaces, 58.0% of tree layers were under 0.05tree/㎡, and 62.7% of shrub layers were 0.1tree~0.3tree/㎡, which was more than 50%. As for the average Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) in tree layers, 20~30cm of the DBH were at 41.6%, which was the highest, followed by 15~20cm at 33.9% and by 10∼15㎝ at 11.7%. More than 30cm of large timbers were distributed in learning spaces at 14.2% and in rest spaces at 14.2%. As for the current status of the planting structure in green spaces, it was the highest in learning spaces: Native species (41%), Conifers (39%), Shrubs (47%), Layerd Structure (40.3%). On the other hand, it was the lowest in exercising and culture spaces. Kaizuka juniper was dominant planting species in learning spaces. Prunus yedoensis and Zelkova serrata were followed. Large timbers which had more than 30 cm DBH were mostly distributed.
The plans for green spaces and the suggestions were drawn based on these results. Specifically, the guidelines were divided into three aspects : (1) the expansion of pervious spaces, (2) the expansion of green spaces, (3) the installation of ecological green way for pedestrians. First, as an improvement plan of main pedestrian paths for expanding pervious spaces, if pedestrian paths with impervious cover were altered as main pedestrian paths with pervious cover or grass blocks, the rate of pervious pavement could be higher from 19.7% into 22.4%. If parking lots in the campus were changed with pervious pavement, the rate of pervious pavement could be enhanced from 19.7% to 28.4%. Second, as an improvement plan for the activation of green roofs, possible spaces in a campus were chosen. If the spaces were changed into green roofs, the rate of green space could be enlarged up to 22.5%. To improve grass spaces into multi-layer planting, possible green lands were proposed. To improve planting structure, the planting plan for landscape and the multi-layered planting were recommended in learning spaces - Hannuri building and College of Design -, and in exercise and culture spaces - playground, Gyedang building, and Sangmyung sports center. Third, to establish ecological green way for pedestrians, the walking center spaces focusing on large timber and the plans connected to ecological trails were suggested. The green-spaces in the campus can be improved and extended and can be used as ecological open-spaces for the expansion of local residents’ participation and for ecological education and ecological activities of community members. In this respect, to construct sustainable Green Campuses, the expansion of pervious spaces and green spaces, the institutional framework for application such as eco-friendly and ecological learning, and the guidelines for improvement will be needed.
Keywords : Green-campus, Green, Open space planning