청주 봉산리 삼국시대 토광묘 출토 꿩뼈의 연구 = An analysis of the pheasant bones from Bongsan-ri 2 site, Cheongju in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Central Institute of Cultural Heritage excavated Bongsan-ri site in Cheongju and this reveals many various historical remains. Among them, some bird bones have been discovered in the pottery at the pit-tombs of the Three Kingdoms period. This article is focused the analysis of these bird bones.
After the identification and analysis of the bones, the 30 bones of bird were determined (NISP) and at least three individuals were calculated(MNI). We tried to determine the species of these remains : we compared their anatomical features and parts with the domesticated chicken (Gallus domesticus). As a result, the bird bones of Bongsan-ri site were identified as pheasant (Phasianus colchicus).
It seems that the people of Bongsan-ri, who lived during the Three Kingdoms period, would utilize the pheasants as the funeral offering and put them in the pottery with the deceased. Moreover, three pheasants would have been cut into small pieces rather than in whole.In other words, the representative bird of that time was not a domesticated chicken, but wild birds such as pheasant. This would be related to the fact that pheasants, in general, considered much more valuable in ancient times than chickens. Samguk Sagi, Samguk Yusa, and other historical records often reveal that the pheasant has served as a tribute to the king. Various folk legends show that the pheasant considers as precious birds.
According to the birds remains from this site, it can be said that the bird was not buried in its entirety but some body parts such as heads, wings and feet had been removed. It suggests that it is probably possible that the pheasant had been buried after being cooked. This would seem to imply a ritual ceremony.
This assumption would be supported if we would have more similar archaeological cases. In addition to this, it is necessary to review the written records that would inform the social customs of the time. Among them, we have to find the social meaning of the pheasant in history. In other words, we have to reveal the spiritual interpretation and values of the meaning and socio-cultural significance of this bird to people during the Three Kingdoms period.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이 글은 충북 청주 봉산리 유적의 삼국시대 토광묘에서 나온 새 뼈의 분석연구이다. 토광묘 내부의 원저단경호안에서 일괄로 찾아진 이 뼈들은 부위별 분석과 계측을 통하여 모두 한 가지 날짐승인 꿩의 것으로 감정되었다. 그리고 중복되는 동일한 부위의 것들을 확인한 결과 최소한 3마리가 있었음이 나타난다. 더욱이 화석환경학상의 분석은 이 꿩들을 온전히 넣은 것이 아니라 적어도 머리, 날개, 다리를 제거하고 넣었을 가능성을 알려준다. 이를 위해서는 삶거나 익혀서 의식을 치렀을 가능성도 배제하지 못한다.
앞으로 이와 같은 고고학적 사례들이 많이 나오고 당시의 장례 사회 풍습을 알려주는 문헌사료를 검토하면 좀 더 성격이 명확하게 드러날 것이다. 이러한 과정으로 분석이 이루어질 때 유적에서 출토되는 동물고고학적 자료가 역사적, 사회문화적 의미를 가질 수 있을 것이다.

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