With the development of IT technology, the need to use electronic forms for securities, including bills of lading, used in international trade transactions has been raised, and international organizations such as the International Maritime Federation ...
With the development of IT technology, the need to use electronic forms for securities, including bills of lading, used in international trade transactions has been raised, and international organizations such as the International Maritime Federation (CMI) have enacted the electronic bill of lading system from an early age. Attempts have been made to implement this.
Korea introduced the electronic bill of lading system through the revision of the commercial law in 2007, and although this electronic bill of lading system was very advanced as a global legislative example, there were limitations in that it could not be applied in line with the international environment and practice of maritime transportation. It was a very underutilized situation.
In general, transferable document or instrument are an essential means of commercial transactions. Using transfer instruments in electronic form can greatly contribute to the efficiency of electronic transactions in the fields of international trade. Electronic transferable records are particularly important in the fields of transportation, logistics, and finance (fintech), and in the case of developing countries, farmers can utilize them in related markets by using electronic warehouse securities. Moreover, electronic transferable records are a fundamental component of a paperless trading environment, and they can make an important contribution to achieving trade efficiencies.
UNCITRAL, which has been striving to unify the International Trade Act, prepared the International Electronic Contract Convention in 2005 and promoted legislative work on electronic transferable records, and in 2017, “Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records” (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Model Law’) was enacted.
The model law prepared by UNCITRAL is a law applied to electronically issuing and distributing securities such as bills of lading, warehouse bills, bills and checks as traditional securities. In the field of trade, trade-related documents and securities essential for digital trade transactions It provides a model for electronic implementation and use by electronically implementing it.
Recently, due to the development of information and communication technology, the number of issuance cases of electronic bills of lading using blockchain is increasing, and at the G7 Digital and Technology Ministerial Meeting held in April 2021, it was decided to prepare a legal system related to electronic transferable records based on the UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records. And the meeting agreed to establish an international cooperation framework for that matter. In fact, in the case of Singapore, the e-commerce law was amended and the above model law was accepted as domestic law. In addition, it is known that review work for acceptance of this model law is in progress in Japan as well.
This article analyzes the contents and purpose of each article of the Model law, and in particular, compares and reviews Korea’s electronic bill of lading and electronic bill of lading system to provide basic research data if Korea accepts the Model law and promotes domestic legislation in the future. .
Through this paper, if the domestic legal system is reorganized by applying the model law on electronic transferable records, Korea’s digital trade will be promoted, and Korea will be able to participate in the global unified legal system.