This study is intended to examine the differences in physical self-efficacy(physical competence, physical attractiveness, physical confidence) and psychological well-being(positive interpersonal relationship, personal growth, autonomy, purpose of life...
This study is intended to examine the differences in physical self-efficacy(physical competence, physical attractiveness, physical confidence) and psychological well-being(positive interpersonal relationship, personal growth, autonomy, purpose of life) of elderly women who participate in aquarobics according to the individual characteristics(age, education level, period of exercise, frequency of exercise, exercise intensity), and to clarify the effects of physical self-efficacy on psychological well-being.
The study was conducted on women over the age of 55 who participate in aquarobics programs at the teenage training centers, social welfare centers or sports centers within Incheon, Seoul, through stratified cluster random sampling, and the data collected from 517 women(below 65: 293, over 65: 224) was used and statistically analyzed for the purpose of this study.
The survey consisting of 5 items of background variables, 7 items of physical self-efficacy ㅡ 4 items of physical competence, 3 items of physical attractiveness and 3 items of physical confidence ㅡ and 4 items of psychological well-being ㅡ 2 items of positive interpersonal relationship, 7 items of personal growth, 10 items of autonomy and 2 items of the purpose of life ㅡ was distributed and collected, and the differences among groups were examined using SPSS version 15.0, t-test setting the significant level at 5%, one-way ANOVA, and then Scheffe post hoc test. Also, the correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted to examine self-efficacy and psychological well-being according to the variables as well as the association between physical self-efficacy and psychological well-being.
The result of analysis is as below.
Firstly, the analysis of difference in physical self-efficacy(physical competence, physical attractiveness, physical confidence) according to background variables, which include age, education level, period of exercise, exercise frequency and exercise intensity, found a significant difference in physical competence regarding age and education as well as in physical attractiveness regarding age, education level and exercise intensity. There was also a significant difference in physical confidence with respect to age and education level.
Secondly, the analysis of difference in psychological well-being(positive interpersonal relationship, personal growth, autonomy, purpose of life) according background variables, which include age, education level, period of exercise, exercise frequency and exercise intensity, found a significant difference in the positive interpersonal relationship regarding age, education level, period of exercise and intensity of exercise(app. 5%), and also in personal growth respectively regarding period of exercise, exercise frequency and intensity of exercise. The difference was significantly different in the analysis of difference in autonomy with respect to age and period of exercise as well as in the purpose of life regarding age, education level, period of exercise and exercise frequency.
Thirdly, the result of analysis which intended to examine the effects of physical self-efficacy according to elderly women's participation in aquarobics on their psychological well-being showed influential relationship in part. There were significant differences in positive interpersonal relationship regarding physical confidence, in personal growth regarding physical competence and physical confidence, and in purpose of life regarding physical attractiveness and physical confidence. Thus, physical self-efficacy was likely to affect psychological well-being. This indicates that the individual quality of life can be enhanced by psychological stability as recognized individual's ability relating to physical tasks increases through ocean leisure sports.