암의 발생과 증식에서 Autophagy의 역할 = The Dynamic Roles of Autophagy in Cancer

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Autophagy is highly orchestrated metabolic process that serves to maintain cellular homeostasis by removing damaged proteins and organelles. Autophagy has been intricately involved in many aspects of human health and disease including cancers. There are the definite proofs that autophagy is implicated in cancer, but the dynamic role of autophagy is not completely understood at present. Autophagy acts dual function as both a tumor suppressor and a protector of cancer cell survival in cancer. The paradoxical role of autophagy has been obstacle for targeting autophagic system for anticancer benefit. Many studies suggest that autophagy limits tumor transformation and growth in the initial phases. Once malignant lesions are established, it provides adaptive changes and serves as a survival role that results in malignant progression and cancer maintain. Additionally, autophagy is mostly activated in response to cancer therapies where it can perform as a positive role thus contributing to treatment resistance. Taken together,while much need to be elucidated its exact roles at different stages of tumorigensis, tumor progression,context- and cell-type specific ways, it seems clear that modulation of this process will hopefully contribute to cancer eradication. (Cancer Prev Res 16, 281-287, 2011)

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Rosenfeldt MT, "The role of autophagy in tumour development and cancer therapy" 11 : e36-, 2009

2 Rosenfeldt MT, "The multiple roles of autophagy in cancer" 32 : 955-963, 2011

3 Kimmelman AC, "The dynamic nature of autophagy in cancer" 25 : 1999-2010, 2011

4 Qu X, "Promotion of tumorigenesis by heterozygous disruption of the beclin 1 autophagy gene" 112 : 1809-1820, 2003

5 Inami Y, "Persistent activation of Nrf2 through p62 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells" 193 : 275-284, 2011

6 Mizushima N, "Methods in mammalian autophagy research" 140 : 313-326, 2010

7 Yang Z, "Mammalian autophagy: core molecular machinery and signaling regulation" 22 : 124-131, 2010

8 Kim MJ, "Involvement of Autophagy in Oncogenic K-Ras-induced Malignant Cell Transformation" AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC 286 (286): 12924-12932, 201104

9 Wilkinson S, "Hypoxiaselective macroautophagy and cell survival signaled by autocrine PDGFR activity" 23 : 1283-1288, 2009

10 Yen WL, "How to live long and prosper: autophagy, mitochondria, and aging" 23 : 248-262, 2008

11 Yang Z, "Eaten alive: a history of macroautophagy" 12 : 814-822, 2010

12 Crighton D, "DRAM, a p53-induced modulator of autophagy, is critical for apoptosis" 14 : 121-134, 2006

13 Maiuri MC, "Control of autophagy by oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes" 16 : 87-93, 2009

14 Kroemer G, "Classification of cell death: recommendations of the Nomenclature Committee on Cell Death 2009" 16 : 3-11, 2009

15 Mathew R, "Autophagy in tumorigenesis and energy metabolism: friend by day, foe by night" 21 : 113-119, 2011

16 Levine B, "Autophagy in the pathogenesis of disease" 132 : 27-42, 2008

17 Takamura A, "Autophagy deficient mice develop multiple liver tumors" 25 : 795-800, 2011

18 Chen N, "Autophagy as a therapeutic target in cancer" 11 : 157-168, 2011

19 Guo JY, "Activated Ras requires autophagy to maintain oxidative metabolism and tumorigenesis" 25 : 460-470, 2011

20 Yang S, "A critical role for autophagy in pancreatic cancer" 7 : 912-913, 2011