근로환경에 따른 직무스트레스 수준과 건강이상과의 관련성 = The Relation between Job Stress and Health Problem According to Working Condition

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A growing body of literature has documented that job stress increases the risk of adverse health outcomes. This study was performed to assess the magnitude of job stress according to working condition, and to examine its impact on employees' health outcomes. Data were from the ‘2006 Korean Working Condition Survey’. A total of 6,793 waged employees who aged 20 years and over, and were working at least for one year. Job stress consists of seven domains, hazardous working environment(11 items), physical overload(5 items),work demand(5 items), lack of job control(5 items), job insecurity(1 item),insufficient reward(4 items) and emotional labor( 1 item). Seven domains of job stress were categorized into three group using the tertile(low risk group,moderate group, and high risk group). Ill health (adverse health outcome) was categorized into physical, psychological, and occupational injury during the past one year. Logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the association between job stress and ill health. All statistics were analyzed using the PASW (ver 18.0), a p<0.05 was considered significant.
As a result, 22.7-35.1% of total sample were the high risk group of job stress according to the working condition. The proportion of the high risk group was higher in female than in male. In logistic regression analysis, it was found that job stress was associated with physical and psychological ill health, and occupational injuries after adjustment for the demographcs, job characteristics, and health-related behaviors. In male employees, job stress is more likely to increase the risk of general ill health (OR: 1.51~2.54), physical ill health(OR: 1.56~2.57),psychological ill health(OR: 1.87~2.33), and occupational injuries(OR: 1.78~3.30).
In female, job stress is more likely to increase the risk of general ill health(OR:1.56~2.79), physical ill health(OR: 1.40~3.14), psychological ill health(OR:1.47~2.79), and occupational injuries(OR: 2.46~6.39).
This result suggests that job stress plays a pivotal role in developing ill health and occupational injuriy. Therefore, it is recommended to make an endeavor to reduce job stress and psychological burden of employees.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

이번 연구는 근로환경에 따라 직무스트레스를 세분화하여 근로자의 어떠한 건강이상과 관련 있는가를 분석하였다. 연구 대상은 ‘2006년 취업자 근로환경’ 조사자료를 활용하여 취업기간이 1년 이상인 전국의 만 20세 이상 임금 근로자 6,973명을 대상으로 하였다. 직무스트레스는 위해작업환경, 신체적 부담, 직무요구도, 직무자율성결여, 직업불안정, 보상부적절, 감정노동 등 7개 영역에 대하 조사하였고, 각 직무 스트레스 영역은 3분위수에 의거 저, 중, 고 3집단으로 분류하였으며, 로지스틱회귀분석을 실시하여 건강이상 간의 교차비를 구하였다.
분석 결과, 근로환경에 따른 고위험 직무스트레스 노출 근로자는 위해작업환경 35.1%, 신체적 부담34.4%, 직무요구도 35.1%, 직무자율성결여 37.8%, 직업불안정 37.8%, 보상부적절 25.2%, 감정노동22.7%였다. 근로자의 사회인구학적 특성, 직업특성, 건강행태를 보정한 후 근로환경별 고위험 직무스트레스와 건강이상과의 교차비를 분석한 결과, 남성 근로자의 전반적인 건강은 1.51배~2.54배, 육체적 건강1.56배~2.57배, 정신적 건강 1.87배~2.33배, 손상 1.78배~3.30배 높았으며, 여성근로자의 전반적인 건강은 1.56베~2.79배 육체적 건강 1.40배~3.14배, 정신적 건강 1.47배~2.79배, 손상 2.46배~6.39배 높았다.
근로자가 어떠한 근로환경에 노출되어 있느냐에 따라 직무스트레스 수준 및 건강이상에 영향을 미치게 됨을 확인할 수 있었다. 업무 중 주로 노출되는 근로환경에 따른 근로자의 신체적, 정신적 긴장감 완화와 심리적 부담감을 줄이기기 위한 노력이 필요하다.

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