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      김정은 시대 북한 ‘문학’ 교과서에 반영된 당 문예정책의 변화양상 연구 - 2014년판 고급중학교 1, 2, 3학년『국어문학』을 중심으로 = A Study on the Changing Patterns of the Party's Literary Policies Reflected on North Korea's "Literature" Textbooks during the Kim Jong-Un Era - With a focus on the 2014 "Korean Literature" textbooks for the seventh, eighth, and ninth grade in advanced

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

      North Korea reorganized its textbooks in 2013 ~ 2015 right after the Kim Jong-un regime came into power. It was a full-scale new organization for the old textbooks that were revised in 1997 during the Kim Jong-il administration. The reorganization direction for the "Literature" textbooks was especially unconventional. The Kim Jong-un regime reorganized the content and form of description in a whole new way for the "Literature" textbooks first right after its grasp of power, and it implies that the regime chose completely different perceptions of reality and political lines from the old regimes.
      The new "Korean Literature" textbook of 2014 shows considerably ground-breaking changes in three aspects. First, it depicts the history of literature according to "classification by topic" a synchronic approach, by escaping from the old "classification by period," a diachronic approach. This is a kind of "dehistoricization" tendency, signifying that the intended value of the times has made a shift from the "tradition of the past" to the importance on "present life." Secondly, the textbook contains mainly works of "popular culture genres" including movies, lyrics, and essays instead of the old composition focused on "literature genres" including poems, novels, and plays. This is a kind of "pragmatism" tendency, signifying that the communication methods between the Party and the people have changed from "ideological purity" to the pursuit of "emotional sympathy." Third, the textbook chooses creative subjects mainly among "rising writers and unprofessional writers" with low or no recognition instead of "established writers" with high recognition. This is a kind of "generational shift" tendency, signifying that the social subject has moved from the pivot of "the middle-aged" to the "young people." Finally, the policy of map criticism has been changed from 'ideological orientation' to 'reality orientation'. This is a kind of 'universal nationalization' trend, which means that the practical conditions of North Korean society have changed to require 'real values' rather than 'ideal values'.
      The common denominator of these three changes in the reorganization direction of the "Literature" textbook in North Korea under the Kim Jong-un regime is a movement to overturn and degrade the old things. This proves that cracks have happened to rule by the Juche Idea and Baekdu Lineage as the basis of the North Korean regime and means that a need has risen to understand and interpret objectively the reality of the times itself again. It tries to reinforce the elements of reality reflection and focus further on the life of people as its basis by returning to the broad principle of the socialist realistic literature. It is the directionality of the changes intended by the Party's literary policy through the reorganization of the "Literature" textbooks during the Kim Jong-un era.
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      North Korea reorganized its textbooks in 2013 ~ 2015 right after the Kim Jong-un regime came into power. It was a full-scale new organization for the old textbooks that were revised in 1997 during the Kim Jong-il administration. The reorganization d...

      North Korea reorganized its textbooks in 2013 ~ 2015 right after the Kim Jong-un regime came into power. It was a full-scale new organization for the old textbooks that were revised in 1997 during the Kim Jong-il administration. The reorganization direction for the "Literature" textbooks was especially unconventional. The Kim Jong-un regime reorganized the content and form of description in a whole new way for the "Literature" textbooks first right after its grasp of power, and it implies that the regime chose completely different perceptions of reality and political lines from the old regimes.
      The new "Korean Literature" textbook of 2014 shows considerably ground-breaking changes in three aspects. First, it depicts the history of literature according to "classification by topic" a synchronic approach, by escaping from the old "classification by period," a diachronic approach. This is a kind of "dehistoricization" tendency, signifying that the intended value of the times has made a shift from the "tradition of the past" to the importance on "present life." Secondly, the textbook contains mainly works of "popular culture genres" including movies, lyrics, and essays instead of the old composition focused on "literature genres" including poems, novels, and plays. This is a kind of "pragmatism" tendency, signifying that the communication methods between the Party and the people have changed from "ideological purity" to the pursuit of "emotional sympathy." Third, the textbook chooses creative subjects mainly among "rising writers and unprofessional writers" with low or no recognition instead of "established writers" with high recognition. This is a kind of "generational shift" tendency, signifying that the social subject has moved from the pivot of "the middle-aged" to the "young people." Finally, the policy of map criticism has been changed from 'ideological orientation' to 'reality orientation'. This is a kind of 'universal nationalization' trend, which means that the practical conditions of North Korean society have changed to require 'real values' rather than 'ideal values'.
      The common denominator of these three changes in the reorganization direction of the "Literature" textbook in North Korea under the Kim Jong-un regime is a movement to overturn and degrade the old things. This proves that cracks have happened to rule by the Juche Idea and Baekdu Lineage as the basis of the North Korean regime and means that a need has risen to understand and interpret objectively the reality of the times itself again. It tries to reinforce the elements of reality reflection and focus further on the life of people as its basis by returning to the broad principle of the socialist realistic literature. It is the directionality of the changes intended by the Party's literary policy through the reorganization of the "Literature" textbooks during the Kim Jong-un era.

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      참고문헌 (Reference)

      1 김정우, "북한 중학교 『국어』의 시 교육 내용과 작품에 대한 고찰" 한국어문학회 (129) : 263-302, 2015

      2 이경화, "북한 중등 교과서의 현대시 제재 수록 양상 고찰" 한국문학교육학회 (62) : 221-257, 2019

      3 최홍원, "북한 문학교육을 통한 문학교육론의 투시와 성찰 - 북한의 2013 개정 교육과정 및 교과서를 중심으로 -" 한국문학교육학회 (64) : 343-384, 2019

      4 변경가 ; 권순희, "북한 고급중학교『국어문학』에 수록된 제재 양상 및 특징―김정은 시대의 2013 교육강령 및 교과서를 대상으로―" 우리말학회 (56) : 211-239, 2019

      5 테리 이글턴, "문학이론입문" 창작과비평사 1986

      6 사회과학원 주체문학연구소, "문학예술사전(하)" 과학백과사전종합출판사 1993

      7 사회과학원 주체문학연구소, "문학예술사전(중)" 과학백과사전종합출판사 1991

      8 사회과학원 주체문학연구소, "문학예술사전(상)" 과학백과사전종합출판사 1988

      9 김성우, "문학(중학교 제5학년용)" 교육도서출판사 2003

      10 현종호, "문학(중학교 제4학년용)" 교육도서출판사 2004

      1 김정우, "북한 중학교 『국어』의 시 교육 내용과 작품에 대한 고찰" 한국어문학회 (129) : 263-302, 2015

      2 이경화, "북한 중등 교과서의 현대시 제재 수록 양상 고찰" 한국문학교육학회 (62) : 221-257, 2019

      3 최홍원, "북한 문학교육을 통한 문학교육론의 투시와 성찰 - 북한의 2013 개정 교육과정 및 교과서를 중심으로 -" 한국문학교육학회 (64) : 343-384, 2019

      4 변경가 ; 권순희, "북한 고급중학교『국어문학』에 수록된 제재 양상 및 특징―김정은 시대의 2013 교육강령 및 교과서를 대상으로―" 우리말학회 (56) : 211-239, 2019

      5 테리 이글턴, "문학이론입문" 창작과비평사 1986

      6 사회과학원 주체문학연구소, "문학예술사전(하)" 과학백과사전종합출판사 1993

      7 사회과학원 주체문학연구소, "문학예술사전(중)" 과학백과사전종합출판사 1991

      8 사회과학원 주체문학연구소, "문학예술사전(상)" 과학백과사전종합출판사 1988

      9 김성우, "문학(중학교 제5학년용)" 교육도서출판사 2003

      10 현종호, "문학(중학교 제4학년용)" 교육도서출판사 2004

      11 김성우, "문학(고등중학교 제6학년용)" 교육도서출판사 1997

      12 김성우, "문학(고등중학교 제5학년용)" 교육도서출판사 1997

      13 현종호, "문학(고등중학교 제4학년용)" 교육도서출판사 1997

      14 주재우, "김정은시대의 북한 초급중학교 국어교과서 분석" 한국독서학회 (48) : 133-163, 2018

      15 이상숙, "김정은 시대의 출발과 북한시의 추이- 『조선문학』(2012.1 ~ 2013.9)을 중심으로" 한국시학회 (38) : 181-212, 2013

      16 오태호, "김정은 시대의 북한 단편소설에 나타난 서사적 특성 고찰 -사회주의적 이상과 현실의 균열적 독해-" 인문학연구원 (38) : 147-176, 2018

      17 김성수, "김정은 시대 초의 북한문학 동향- 2010~2012년 『조선문학』, 『문학신문』 분석을 중심으로" 민족문학사연구소 (50) : 481-513, 2012

      18 이지순, "김정은 시대 북한 시의 이미지 양상" 심연북한연구소 16 (16): 255-291, 2013

      19 오태호, "김정은 시대 북한 소설의 징후적 변화 양상 고찰 – 7차 당대회(2016) 이후의 대표 소설을 중심으로" 어문연구학회 103 : 209-237, 2020

      20 오태호, "김정은 시대 북한 단편소설의 향방-‘김정일 애국주의’의 추구와 ‘최첨단 시대’의 돌파" 국제한인문학회 1 (1): 160-196, 2013

      21 라성학, "국어문학교수참고서(고급중학교 제1학년)" 교육도서출판사 2013

      22 렴주률, "국어문학(고등중학교 제6학년용)" 교육도서출판사 1989

      23 리동수, "국어문학(고등중학교 제5학년용)" 교육도서출판사 1990

      24 김용은, "국어문학(고등중학교 제4학년용)" 교육도서출판사 1994

      25 김선일, "국어문학(고급중학교 제3학년용)" 교육도서출판사 2015

      26 최학, "국어문학(고급중학교 제2학년용)" 교육도서출판사 2014

      27 황금순, "국어문학(고급중학교 제1학년용)" 교육도서출판사 2013

      28 김성수, "‘선군(先軍)’과 ‘민생’ 사이 김정은 시대 초(2012~2013) 북한의 ‘사회주의 현실’ 문학 비판" 민족문학사연구소 (53) : 410-440, 2013

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