The struggle of the Righteous Armies, which was resumed with the break out of Russia-Japan War of 1904, was at its peak in 1907 when the army of Korean Empire was dispersed. The aftermath of this patriotic militia reached Kyungsang Namdo province whic...
The struggle of the Righteous Armies, which was resumed with the break out of Russia-Japan War of 1904, was at its peak in 1907 when the army of Korean Empire was dispersed. The aftermath of this patriotic militia reached Kyungsang Namdo province which was the most distant region from Seoul. This writing is aimed to comprehensively reconstruct the facts of the Righteous Army movement in Kyung-Nam province after the dispersion of Korean army in 1907 and the oppression of Japanese troops on the militia. These works were made possible by the recently discovered 『The Camp Journal of the Fourteenth Infantry』. This data is a journal written by the Fourteenth Infantry of japanese army in the form of a report. It contains the facts concerning the suppression of militia in Young-Nam and Ho-Nam province from the station of Japanese army in July, 1907 to their return in June, 1909. This research is based on the analysis of the journal and its major points are as follows.
Right after the dispersion of Korean army in August, 1907, the Righteous Army movement was localized in adjacencies of Deok-Yoo mountain and Ji-Ri mountain. However, in January, 1909, the movement began to spread to wider regions. Henceforth, in the Kyung-Nam province, numerous militia forces were brutally massacred by the Japanese troops during the series of combats that continued for a year and a half.
The militia movement after the dispersion of Korean army in Kyung-Nam province cannot called the most fierce compared to Jeon-Ra province or other southern regions of southern Korean peninsula. In fact, militia movement in Kyong-Nam province was initialized later than other regions and its intensity was also relatively low. There are three major reasons why the militia movement in Kyung-Nam province have such characteristics. First, the Japanese troops were stationed at open port of Busan and naval port of Jin-Hae at convenience of supervision on militia movement. Second, nationalist scholars who were the driving force of such militia movement had weak influence in Kyung-Nam province. Third, militia movement in Kyung-Nam province was largely influenced by militia forces of other regions.
It is true that militia resistance in Kyung-Nam province was weaker than other regions but, as for western and eastern regions of Kyung-Nam province, the resistance was as serious as Ho-Nam province or Kyung-Book province. This localized severity of resistance in Kyung-Nam province is estimated to result from several reasons. First, after the attempt of alliance of thirteen provinces to regain Seoul failed in January, 1908, the militia forces advanced southward. Second, militia movement in Ho-Nam province near Deok-Yoo and Ji-Ri mountain escalated. Finally, due to suppression of Japanese forces, militia force of Kyung-Book receded southward.
All-out suppression on Kyung-Nam militia forces of Japanese Fourteenth Infantry was carried out when militia movement of western Kyung-Nam province reached its peak. The Fourteenth Infantry landed at Busan right before the dispersion of Korean army in 1907 and in that same year they established regiment headquarters in Daegu as well as military operation to devastate militia forces in Young-Nam and Ho-Nam provinces. Japanese forces reinforced pressure on militia forces in the area by dividing defense districts under the Fourteenth Infantry into three districts: Daegu defense district, Gwangju defense district, and Kyungju defense district. The Fourteenth Infantry, especially focused on suppressing militia forces near mt. Ji-Ri, changed Gwangju defense district into Jinju defense district and transferred the Second battalion to Jinju on April of the same year in order to begin a full-fledge suppressing attack on militia forces in western Kyung-Nam province. After suppression on militia movement under the three defense districts system, which continued until November, the militia movement in western Kyung-Nam province was significantly weakened...