운전자의 상태운전분노가 추돌회피와 상황인식에 미치는 효과: 부정정서의 조절효과 = Effects of Driver's State Driving Anger on Collision Avoidance and Situation Awareness: Moderating Effect of Negative Affect

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This driving simulation study examined the effect of driver's state driving anger(SDA) on collision avoidance(CA) and situation awareness(SA), as well as the moderating effect of driver's positive and negative affect(PA and NA) on the relationship between the driver's SDA and SA. The results showed the followings. First, high SDA group collided with the leading vehicle more frequently than low SDA group. Second, neither the driver's trait driving anger(TDA) nor PA/NA yielded significant changes in SA after SDA was induced. Third, high SDA tended to lower SA but this tendency was observed only when the driver's NA was high. These results suggested that SDA than TDA is a significant deteriorating factor of the driver's SA, and more importantly, SDA should be considered with other affect-relating variable such as NA in explaining the effect of SDA on driver's SA and CA.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구에서는 운전자들이 경험한 상태운전분노가 운전자의 상황인식과 추돌회피 수행에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지, 그리고 상황인식에 대한 상태운전분노의 효과를 긍정/부정정서가 어떻게 조절하는지 운전 시뮬레이션을 통해 살펴보았다. 본 실험에는 63명의 대학생 운전자들이 참여하였다. 본 연구의 주요결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 상태운전분노 수준에 따라 추돌위험 가능상황에서 실제 추돌사고를 야기했는지의 여부를 분석한 결과, 상태운전분노를 높은 수준으로 경험한 실험참가자들은 그렇지 않은 실험참가자들에 비해 선행차량과의 추돌비율이 유의하게 높았다. 둘째, 상황인식 측정점수에 대한 특성운전분노와 긍정/부정정서의 주효과는 각각 유의하지 않았다. 셋째, 상태운전분노 수준이 높을수록 전반적으로 상태운전분노 유발 이후의 상황인식 점수가 유의하게 낮아지기는 하였으나 이러한 경향은 부정정서가 높은 경우에 더 두드러져 상태운전분노에 의한 상황인식에서의 저하는 운전자의 부정정서 점수가 높을수록 더 컸다. 이러한 결과들은 운전자의 특성운전분노보다는 상태운전분노가 운전자의 상황인식 능력 저하와 유의한 관련성이 있고, 특히 운전자의 상태운전분노가 상황인식에 대해 갖는 효과는 부정정서와 같은 정서-관련변인을 통합적으로 고려할 경우 더 타당하게 설명될 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이현희, "한국판 정적 정서 및 부적 정서 척도 (Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule; PANAS)의 타당화 연구" 한국임상심리학회 22 (22): 935-946, 2003

2 윤지혜, "특성분노와 의도-모호성이 타인비난과 운전분노에 미치는 영향" 한국건강심리학회 9 (9): 713-728, 2004

3 김비아, "조성차에 따른 상황인식의 차이:운전-관련 과제를 중심으로" 한국산업및조직심리학회 18 (18): 163-176, 2005

4 윤보영, "익명상황의 운전행동과 운전분노 및 정서표현갈등과의 관계" 한국문화및사회문제심리학회 17 (17): 321-341, 2011

5 오주석, "운전행동 결정요인의 구성과 위험운전행동과의 관계" 한국문화및사회문제심리학회 17 (17): 175-197, 2011

6 신용균, "운전분노척도에 의한 과속운전 행동의 예측" 한국건강심리학회 14 (14): 159-173, 2009

7 이재식, "운전분노에 대한 운전확신과 감각추구 성향의 상호작용 효과: 운전자의 연령대별 비교" 한국문화및사회문제심리학회 18 (18): 389-413, 2012

8 이재식, "성별과 운전경력에 따른 행위자-관찰자 관점에서의 운전분노 차이: 운전 시뮬레이션 연구" 한국문화및사회문제심리학회 20 (20): 107-131, 2014

9 Renner, W., "Venturesomeness and extraversion as correlates of juvenile drivers’ traffic violations" 32 (32): 673-678, 2000

10 Hennessy, D. A., "Traffic congestion, driver stress, and driver aggression" 25 (25): 409-423, 1999

11 Vallieres, E. F., "Traffic and Transport Psychology: Theory and Application" Elsevier 181-190, 2005

12 Endsley, M. R., "Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems" 37 (37): 32-64, 1995

13 Johannsdottir, K. R., "The role of working memory in supporting drivers' situation awareness for surrounding traffic" 52 (52): 663-673, 2010

14 Hole, G., "The psychology of driving" 2007

15 Deiner, E., "The personality structure of affect" 69 (69): 130-141, 1995

16 Taubman-Ben-Ari, O., "The multidimensional driving style inventory-scale construct and validation" 36 (36): 323-332, 2004

17 Deiner, E., "Temporal stability and cross-situational consistency of affective, behavioral, and cognitive responses" 47 (47): 871-883, 1984

18 Jones, D. G., "Sources of situation awareness errors in aviation" 67 : 507-512, 1996

19 Gugerty, L., "Situation awareness during driving : Explicit and implicit knowledge in dynamic spatial memory" 3 (3): 42-66, 1997

20 Desrichard, O., "Sensation seeking and negative affectivity as predictors of risky behaviors : A distinction between occasional versus frequent risk-taking" 30 (30): 1449-1453, 2005

21 Blanchard, E. B., "Psychometric properties of a measure of aggressive driving : The Larson Driver’s Stress Profile" 87 (87): 881-892, 2000

22 Lonczak, H., "Predicting risky and angry driving as a function of gender" 39 (39): 536-545, 2007

23 Fredrickson, B. L., "Positive emotions broaden the scope of attention and thought‐action repertoires" 19 (19): 313-332, 2005

24 Iversen, H., "Personality, risky driving and accident involvement among norwegian drivers" 33 (33): 1251-1263, 2002

25 Deffenbacher, J. L., "Overcoming situational and general anger: A protocol for the treatment of anger based on relaxation, cognitive restructuring, and coping skills training" New Harbinger Publications 2000

26 Aiken, L. S., "Multiple regression: testing and interpreting interactions" Sage Publications 1991

27 Van Coillie, H., "Multidimensional individual differences in anger-related behaviors" 41 (41): 27-38, 2006

28 Bower, G. H., "Mood and memory" 36 (36): 129-148, 1981

29 Forgas, J. P., "Mood and judgment : The affect infusion model(AIM)" 117 (117): 39-66, 1995

30 DePasquale, J. P., "Measuring road rage : Development of the propensity for angry driving scale" 32 (32): 1-16, 2001

31 Jefferies, L. N., "Emotional valence and arousal interact in attentional control" 19 (19): 290-295, 2008

32 Kaber, D., "Effects of hazard exposure and roadway complexity on young and older driver situation awareness and performance" 15 (15): 600-611, 2012

33 King, Y., "Driving violations, aggression and perceived consensus" 58 (58): 43-49, 2008

34 Berdoulat, E., "Driving anger, emotional and instrumental aggressiveness, and impulsiveness in the prediction of aggressive and transgressive driving" 50 : 758-767, 2013

35 Deffenbacher, J. L., "Development of a driving anger scale" 74 (74): 83-91, 1994

36 Watson, D., "Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect : the PANAS scale" 54 (54): 1063-1070, 1988

37 Dula, C. S., "Development and Evaluation of a Measure of Dangerous, Aggressive, Negative Emotional, and Risky Driving" 33 (33): 263-282, 2003

38 Power, M., "Cognition and Emotion: From Order to Disorder" Psychology Press 2008

39 Deffenbacher, J. L., "Characteristics and treatment of high-anger drivers" 47 (47): 5-17, 2000

40 Lajunen, T., "Are aggressive people aggressive drivers? A study of the relationship between self-reported general aggressiveness, driver anger and aggressive driving" 33 (33): 243-255, 2001

41 Deffenbacher, J. L., "Anger, aggression, risky behavior, and crash-related outcomes in three groups of drivers" 41 (41): 333-349, 2003

42 Wells-Parker, E., "An exploratory study of the relationship between road rage and crash experience in a representative sample of US drivers" 34 (34): 271-278, 2002

43 Wickens, C. D., "An Introduction to Human Factors Engineering" Person Education, Inc 2004

44 Neighbors, C., "A motivational model of driving anger and aggression" 28 (28): 324-335, 2002