불소통의 포로가 된 트루먼 대통령 = Harry S. Truman and the political cost of the non-communication

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The reputation of Harry S. Truman has gone something of a resurgence among both scholars and the public at large. Surprisingly, Truman's Standing currently have claims only four -'great or near-great'- of the eighteen twentieth-century American presidents.
Truman now widely considered to have been a tough-mined, decisive, and effective leader who ably guided the United States through the perilous waters of the early Cold War and laid the foundations for American 'victory' in that prolonged conflict.
But, Rather than a great statesman who carefully weighed various policy alternatives, Truman was a parochial nationalist whose uncritical belief in the superiority of American values, conviction that the Soviet Union and Communism were the root cause of international strife, and a politician who had not ability to effectively communicate with party, congress, and the people.
Truman's myopia, racialism, and nationalism learned through his early experience and education created a rigid framework in which the united States waged long-term extremely costly global Cold War, and domestic political-social disputes and quarrels continued to exhaust the country's energy and resources.
In a Word, Truman's parochial personality and world-view profoundly and significantly shaped his approach to foreign and domestic policy that resulted in costly 'pyhrric victory' and worst failure.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 김형곤, "프랭클린 루즈벨트 대통령의 지도력 형성 배경과 본질" 한국미국사학회 15 : 101-132, 2002

2 권용립, "이데올로기와 미국외교" 산지니 2007

3 Ridings, Jr. William J, "위대한 대통령,끔찍한 대통령" 한언 2000

4 김정배, "스탈린은 왜 한국전쟁을‘허락’했는가?: 새로운 시각" 역사학회 (188) : 269-297, 2005

5 김정배, "미국과 냉전의 기원:공존과 지배의 전략" 혜안 2001

6 김형곤, "링컨 대통령의 리더십의 실체" 한국미국사학회 25 : 61-99, 2007

7 김정배, "냉전은 도대체 무엇이었는가?: 새로운 접근이 필요한 이유" 6 : 2010

8 황혜성, "남북전쟁기 링컨 대통령의 리더쉽: '불굴의 전사'" 한국미국사학회 17 : 27-48, 2003

9 Ferrell, Robert, "off the Record: The Private Papers of Harry S. Truman" Harper & Row 1980

10 Bohlen, Charles, "Witness to History, 1929-1969" W. W. Norton 1973

11 Truman, Margaret, "Where the Buck Stops: The Personal and Private Writings of Harry S. Truman" Warner Books 1968

12 Leffler, Melvyn, "What Do 'We Now Know'" 104 : 1999

13 Donovan, Robert J., "Tumultuous Years: The Presidency of Harry S. Truman, 1949-1953" W. W. Norton 1982

14 Ferrell, Robert, "Truman's Place in History" 18 : 1990

15 McCullough, David, "Truman" Simon & Schuster 1992

16 Keyes, Ralph, "The Wit and Wisdom of Harry S. Truman" Gramercy Press 1995

17 Gaddis, John L., "The United States and the Origins of the Cold War, 1941-1947" Oxford University Press 1972

18 Cumings, Bruce, "The Korean War: A History" Random House, Inc 2010

19 Kaufman, Burton, "The Korean War" Temple University Press 1986

20 Liliental, David E., "The Journals of David Liliental, 1945-1950, 2 vols" Harper & Row 1964

21 Gallup, George H., "The Gallup Poll, 1935-1971, 3 vols, vol 1,2" Random House 1972

22 Gaddis, John L., "The Cold War: A New History" Penguin Books 2005

23 "The China White Paper, 2 Vols" Stanford University Press 1967

24 Truman, Harry S., "The Autobiography of Harry S. Truman" University Of Missouri Press 2002

25 Dallek, Robert, "The American Presidents in Arthur" Henry Holt & Company 2008

26 "Public Papers of the Presidents of the United States: Harry S. Truman, 1945-1952. 8 Vols" Government Printing Office 1961

27 Bailey, Thomas A., "Presidential Greatness: The Image and the Man from George Washington to the President" Appleton-Century 1966

28 Burnes, James M., "Presidential Government: The Crucible of Leadership" Houghton Mifflin Company 1965

29 Acheson, Dean, "Present at the Creation: My Years in the State Department" W. W. Norton 1969

30 Miller, Merle, "Plain Speaking: An Oral Biography of Harry S. Truman" Berkeley Publishing 1973

31 Barber, James D., "Passive-Positive to Active-Negative, the Style and Character of President, In The Political Arena, 3rd" Little, Brown, and Company 1972

32 Thornton, Richard C., "Odd Man Out: Truman, Stalin, Mao, and the Origins of the Korean War" Brassey's, Inc 2001

33 Kennan, George F., "Memoirs, 1925-1950" Little, Brown 1967

34 Truman, Harry S., "Memoirs of Harry S. Truman, vols 2" Doubleday 1956

35 Truman, Harry S., "Memoirs of Harry S. Truman, vols 1" Doubleday 1955

36 Hersey, P, "Management of Organizational Behavior: Utilizing Human Resources, 6th" Prenticehall 1993

37 Hamby, Alonzo L., "Man of the People: A Life of Harry S. Truman" Oxford University Press 1995

38 Schlesinger Sr, "Historian Rate U.S. Presidents" 1948

39 Damms, Richard V., "Harry Truman as parochial nationalist" 31 : 2003

40 Truman, Margaret, "Harry S, Truman" Pocket Books 1974

41 Ferrell, Robert, "Dear Bess: The Letters from Harry to Bess Truman, 1910-195" W. W. Norton 1983

42 Hunt, Michael H., "Crises in U.S. Foreign Policy: An International History Reader" Yale University Press 1996

43 Clifford, Clark, "Counsel to the President" Random House 1991

44 Donovan, Robert J., "Conflict and Crisis: The Presidency of Harry S. Truman, 1945-1948" W. W. Norton 1977

45 Hamby, Alonzo L., "Beyond the New Deal: Harry S. Truman and American Liberalism" Columbia University Press 1973

46 Offner, Arnold, "Another Such Victory: President Truman and the Cold War, 1945-1953" Stanford University Press 2002

47 Fiedler, Fred E., "A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness" McGraw-Hill Education 1967

48 Leffler, Melvyn, "A Preponderance of Power: National Security, the Truman Administration, and the Cold War" Stanford University Press 1992