불확실한 정체성과 낮은 심리적 안녕감 간의 관계에서 물질주의의 매개효과 = Materialism Mediates the Relation between Identity Uncertainty and Low Psychological Well-Being

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether uncertain identity increases materialism, which in turn decreases psychological well-being. Two studies were conducted to test this idea. In Study 1, participants completed self-report measures of identity commitment, psychological well-being, and materialism. It was found that identity certainty as assessed by identity commitment was negatively related to materialism and positively related to psychological well-being, and that materialism mediated the link between identity certainty and psychological well-being. Study 2 was conducted to examine whether uncertain identity causes materialism using an experiment. Identity (un)certainty was manipulated by asking participants to write a story in which they experienced a strong sense of who they were (certainty condition) or a story in which they experienced the lack of identity (uncertainty condition). Right after the writing task, participants competed a measure of state materialism. Participants in the certainty condition showed a lower level of state materialism relative to those in the uncertainty condition, indicating the causal role of identity in materialism. Given the negative relation between materialism and mental health, notoriously high materialism in Korea is a big social problem. The present study’s contribution is to identify identity uncertainty as one of the antecedents of materialism.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구의 목적은 불확실한 정체성이 높은 물질주의를 야기하여 낮은 심리적 안녕감으로 이어지는지 확인하는 것이었고, 이를 위해 두 가지 연구를 시행하였다. 연구 1에서 참여자들은 정체성 전념, 심리적 안녕감, 물질주의를 측정하는 척도에 자기보고식으로 응답하였다. 연구 결과, 불확실한 정체성(즉, 낮은 정체성 전념)은 높은 물질주의 및 낮은 심리적 안녕감과 유의한 관계에 있었고, 불확실한 정체성과 낮은 심리적 안녕감 간의 관계는 물질주의에 의해 매개되었다. 연구 2에서는 정체성과 물질주의 간의 인과관계를 살펴보기 위해 실험연구를 진행하였다. 정체성의 (불)확실성 정도를 조작하기 위해 확실성 조건에 배정받은 참여자들에게는 자신이 누구인지에 대해 확실하게 느꼈던 경험을 적도록 요청하였고, 불확실성 조건에 배정받은 참여자들에게는 자신의 정체성에 대해 불확실하게 느꼈던 경험에 대해 적도록 요청하였다. 글을 쓴 직후에 참여자들은 상태물질주의 척도에 응답하였다. 그 결과 확실성 조건에 있었던 참여자들은 불확실성 조건에 있었던 참여자들에 비해 낮은 수준의 물질주의를 보였다. 이 결과는 정체성의 확실성 정도가 물질주의 수준에 인과적 영향력을 끼친다는 것을 의미한다. 물질주의가 정신건강에 부정적인 영향을 미침을 고려할 때 한국인의 높은 물질주의는 큰 사회문제라 할 수 있다. 본 연구는 불확실한 정체성이 물질주의를 야기하는 원인 중 하나임을 밝혔다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

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