주요 알레르기질환의 진단과 치료 약물 알레르기의 진단 = Update on the diagnosis of drug allergy

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Hypersensitivity reactions to drugs are classified as immediate or nonimmediate reactions depending on the basis of time of appearance of reactions. Clinical and immunological studies suggest that immediate reaction is IgE-mediated and nonimmediate as type-IV (cell-mediated) reaction. For the evaluation of drug allergy, the patient`s history is fundamental; the allergologic examination includes in-vivo and in-vitro tests selected on the basis of the clinical features. Prick, patch, and intradermal tests are the most readily available forms of allergy testing. However, there are some changes in the diagnostic evaluation of allergic reactions to beta-lactams, iodinated contrast media and local anaesthetics over the last several years. In immediate reactions, the sensitivity of skin testing and immunoassay is decreasing and for nonimmediated reactions, skin testing appears to be less sensitive than previous results. Drug provocation test is still the gold standard for identification of an causative drugs. The new diagnostic tools, such as the basophil activation test and the lymphocyte activation test, have been developed and are under validation. Based on the literature, the proposed algorithm may safely and rapidly distinguish between immediate-type and immediate drug reactions. This review provides an update to European Network for Drug Allergy (ENDA) document that gave the guidelines for the evaluation of drug allergy. The diagnosis of drug allergy needs to be standardized. (Korean J Med 76:282-290, 2009)

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 Cohen AD, "Which intercurrent infections are associated with maculopapular cutaneous drug reactions? A case-control study" 40 : 41-44, 2001

2 Rosso R, "Very delayed reactions to β-lactam antibiotics" 42 : 293-295, 2000

3 Blanca M, "Update on the evaluation of hypersensitivity reactions to betalactams" 64 : 183-193, 2009

4 Lammintausta K, "The usefulness of skin tests to prove drug hypersensitivity" 152 : 968-974, 2005

5 Torres MJ, "The diagnostic interpretation of basophil activation test in immediate allergic reactions to betalactams" 34 : 1768-1775, 2004

6 Kanny G, "T cell-mediated reactions to iodinated contrast media: Evaluation by skin andl ymphocyte activation tests" 115 : 179-185, 2005

7 Co Minh HB, "Systemic reactions during skin tests with beta- lactams: a risk factor analysis" 117 : 466-468, 2006

8 Levine BB, "Studies of the mechanism of the formation of the penicillin antigen III. The N(D-(benzylpenicilloyl)) group as an antigenic determinant responsible for hypersensitivity to penicillin G" 114 : 875-, 1961

9 Rodriguez-Bada JL, "Skin testing for immediate hypersensitivity to betalactams: comparison between two commercial kits" 61 : 947-951, 2006

10 Goldberg A, "Skin testing and oral penicillin challenge in patients with a history of remote penicillin allergy" 100 : 37-43, 2008

11 Blanca-López N, "Skin testing and drug provocation tests in the diagnosis of non-immediate reactions to aminopenicillins in children" 64 : 229-233, 2009

12 Johansson SG, "Revised nomenclature for allergy for global use:Report of the Nomenclature Review Committee of the World Allergy Organization, October 2003" 113 : 832-836, 2004

13 Fontaine C, "Relevance of the determination of serumspecific IgE antibodies in the diagnosis of immediate betalactam allergy" 62 : 47-52, 2007

14 Romano A, "Recent advances in the diagnosis of drug allergy" 7 : 299-303, 2007

15 Bousquet PJ, "Pharmacovigilance of drug allergy and hypersensitivity using the ENDA-DAHD database and the GALEN platform. The Galenda project" 64 : 194-203, 2009

16 Padovan E, "Penicilloyl peptides are recognized as T cell antigenic determinants in penicillin allergy" 27 : 1303-1307, 1997

17 Macy E, "Penicillin skin testing in pregnant women with a history of penicillin allergy and group B streptococcus colonization" 97 : 164-168, 2006

18 Parker PJ, "Penicillin resensitization among hospitalized patients" 88 : 213-217, 1991

19 Bousquet PJ, "Oral challenges are needed in the diagnosis of beta-lactam hypersensitivity" 38 : 185-190, 2008

20 Padial A, "Non-immediate reactions to beta-lactams: diagnostic value of skin testing and drug provocation test" 38 : 822-828, 2008

21 Adkinson NF, "Middleton's Allergy: Principles and Practice, 7th Edition" Elsevier Inc 1216-1219,

22 Yawalkar N, "Infiltration of cytotoxic T cells in drug-induced cutaneous eruptions" 30 : 847-855, 2000

23 Romano A, "Immediate allergic reactions to cephalosporins: cross-reactivity and selective responses" 106 : 1177-1183, 2000

24 Antunez C, "Immediate allergic reactions to cephalosporins: Evaluation of crossreactivity with a panel of penicillins and cephalosporins" 117 : 404-410, 2006

25 Romano A, "Imipenem in patients with immediate hypersensitivity to penicillins" 354 : 2835-2837, 2006

26 Thyssen JP, "Hypersensitivity to local anaesthetics - update and proposal of evaluation algorithm" 59 : 69-78, 2008

27 Guéant-Rodríguez RM, "Hypersensitivity reactions to iodinated contrast media" 12 : 3359-3372, 2006

28 Sanz ML, "Flow cytometric basophil activation test by detection of CD63 expression in patients with immediate- type reactions to betalactam antibiotics" 32 : 277-286, 2002

29 Jost BC, "Elective penicillin skin testing in a pediatric outpatient setting" 97 : 807-812, 2006

30 Messaad D, "Drug provocation tests in patients with a history suggesting an immediate drug hypersensitivity reaction" 140 : 1001-1006, 2004

31 Demoly P, "Drug hypersensitivity questionnaire" 54 : 999-1003, 1999

32 Bousquet PJ, "Drug allergy and hypersensitivity: still a hot topic" 64 : 179-182, 2009

33 Torres MJ, "Diagnostic evaluation of a large group of patients with immediate allergy to penicillins: the role of skin testing" 56 : 850-856, 2001

34 Kvedariene V, "Diagnosis of iodinated contrast media hypersensitivity: results of a 6-year period" 36 : 1072-1077, 2006

35 Torres MJ, "Diagnosis of immediate allergic reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics" 58 : 961-972, 2003

36 Romano A, "Diagnosing nonimmediate reactions to penicillins by in vivo tests" 129 : 169-174, 2002

37 Romano A, "Diagnosing immediate reactions to cephalosporins" 35 : 1234-1242, 2005

38 Pichler WJ, "Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions" 139 : 683-693, 2003

39 Mauri-Hellweg D, "Crossreactivity of T cell lines and clones to beta-lactam antibiotics" 157 : 1071-1079, 1996

40 Blanca M, "Continued need of appropriate betalactam- derived skin test reagents for the management of allergy to betalactams" 37 : 166-173, 2007

41 Wong BB, "Clinical history as a predictor of penicillin skin test outcome" 97 : 169-174, 2006

42 Blanca M, "Clinical evaluation of Pharmacia CAP System RAST FEIA amoxicilloyl and benzylpenicilloyl in patients with penicillin allergy" 56 : 862-870, 2001

43 Perez-Inestrosa E, "Cephalosporin chemical reactivity and its immunological implications" 5 : 323-330, 2005

44 Romano A, "Benzylpenicillin skin testing is still important in diagnosing immediate hypersensitivity reactions to penicillins" 64 : 249-253, 2009

45 Trcka J, "Aminopenicillin-induced exanthema allows treatment with certain cephalosporins or phenoxymethyl penicillin" 60 : 107-111, 2007

46 Blanca M, "Allergy to amoxicillin with good tolerance to other penicillins. Study of the incidence in patients allergic to betalactams" 20 : 475-481, 1990

47 Frumin J, "Allergic Cross-Sensitivity Between Penicillin, Carbapenem, and Monobactam Antibiotics: What Are the Chances?" 2009

48 Fisher M M, "Alleged allergy to local anaesthetics" 25 : 611-614, 1997

49 Gall H, "Adverse reactions to local anesthetics: analysis of 197 cases" 97 : 933-937, 1996

50 Romano A, "A comparison of the performance of two penicillin reagent kits in the diagnosis of b-lactam hypersensitivity" 62 : 53-58, 2007