Deep homology? : uncanny similarities of humans and flies uncovered by evo-devo

목차 (Table of Contents)

• CONTENTS
• Preface = vii
• Foreword / Ehab Abouheif = xv
• Introduction = 1
• 1 Body Axes = 7
• The anterior-posterior axis is subdivided by Hox genes = 7
• Otd／Otx may have ruled the front as caudal／Cdx ruled the rear = 19
• Segmentation is so rare among phyla that it must be convergent = 20
• The dorsal-ventral axis is established by BMP and Chordin = 23
• Left-right asymmetry emerges from cytoskeletal chirality = 26
• 2 Nervous System = 37
• A Common Matrix of Transcription Factors Subdivides the CNS = 37
• Neurons make excessive connections that are later pruned = 43
• Coordination between left and right involves commissural axons = 46
• After an axon crosses the midline it can never go back again = 48
• Neurites emanating from the same neuron repel one another = 50
• A Command Center in the Brain Controls Circadian Rhythms = 53
• 3 Vision = 59
• Photons are detected by 11-cis-retinal (a vitamin-A derivative) = 59
• Detection is facilitated by elaborate phospholipid membranes = 62
• Color vision relies on a subclass of dedicated photoreceptors = 70
• The paired-homeobox gene Pax6 governs eye development = 78
• But other facts undermine Pax6's reputation as a master gene = 79
• 4 Touch and Hearing = 85
• The hair cells of the human cochlea develop like fly bristles = 85
• Macular hair cells display a plane of symmetry like the fly eye = 90
• Is there a gene complex for human hair like the one for fly bristles? = 95
• Flies use their antenna as an ear but still rely on conserved genes = 98
• The acoustic properties of human and fly ears are quite similar = 100
• 5 Smell and Taste = 103
• Odors and flavors are identified via combinatorial compilation = 103
• Gustatory neurons are broadly tuned to only a few taste qualia = 105
• Olfactory neurons use one receptor and project to one glomerulus = 106
• Successful glomerular wiring requires sensory neuron activity = 110
• Pheromones are processed separately from other kinds of odors = 111
• 6 Limbs = 113
• Appendages use a common set of genes to delineate their axes = 113
• But the case for appendages in urbilaterians is not compelling = 118
• Odd-skipped transcription factors are critical for joint formation = 120
• Extra-joint syndromes are oddly correlated with polarity shifts = 122
• Some vertebrate and arthropod taxa can regenerate their limbs = 124
• 7 Heart = 127
• The critical gene for specifying heart identity seems to be tinman = 127
• But nematodes use tinman for a non-cardiac (pharyngeal) pump = 130
• VEGF plays a regulatory role in circulatory system development = 131
• Epilogue = 133
• References = 135
• Index = 267