차해충의 종합관리에 대하여 = Towards IPM of Tea Plants in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This paper is to discuss the ecological characteristics and population fluctuations of major insect pests such as tea red spider mite (Tetranychus kanzawai), tea leaf roller(Caloptilia theivora) and smaller tea tortrix (Adoxophyes sp) in tea plants; also to discuss the activities of their parasitoids and predators; and finally to discuss the prospect of integrated pest management in the future.
1. Tea red spider mite occurred 11 generations a year under field-cage conditions. The average periods from egg to adult emergence were 13-25 days in spring and autumn, and 9-13 days in summer. The average longevities of adults were 28.0 days in spring and autumn, and 18.5 days in summer. The average number of eggs laid by a female wee 54.2 in spring and autumn, and 46.9 in summer. It overwintered in all stages.
2. Tea leaf roller had 6 generations a year under field-cage conditions. The average periods from egg to adult emergence were 34-38 days in spring and autumn, and 26-29 days in summer. The average longevities of adults were 6.5 days in summer, and 10.0 days in spring and autumn. The average number of eggs laid by a female were 58-67 during tea growing season. Tea leaf roller overwintered in pupal stage in southern region of Korea.
3. The moth populations of smaller tea tortrix showed four peaks a year observed by means of both the light trap and sex pheromone trap. The number of moths caught by sex pheromone trap were 2-4 times as much as those of light trap.
4. Hymenopterous parasitoids of smaller tea tortrix were 4 species such as Meteorus adoxophyesi Minamikawa (Braconidae), Eurytoma sp.(Eurytomidae), Tetrastichus sp., and Pediobius pygro (Walker) (Eulophidae). And also the parasitoids of tea laef roller were 4 species such as Stenomesius japonicus (Ashmead), Sympiesis ringoniellae Kamijo, S. dolichogaster Ashmead (Eulophidae), and Elasmus sp.(Elasmidae). A dominant pupal parasitoid of smaller tea tortrix was P. pygro. And major larval parasitoid of tea leaf roller was S. dolichogaster. Predatory mites of tea red spider mite were 6 species including Amblyseius longispinosus (Evans), A. eharai Amitei et Swirski(Phytoseiidae), Anystis bacoarun (L.)(Anystidae), Agistemus terminalis (Quayle) (Stigmaeidae), Oligota Yasumatsui Kistner (Staphylinidae), and Orius saueri Poppius (Anthocoridae). The key species of predacious phytoseiid mites was A. longispinosus.
5. The periods of A. longispinosus from egg to adult emergence were 22.8, 9.6, 4.8, and 3.6 days, at 15, 20, 25, and 30℃, respectively. Preoviposition periods of A. longispinosus at four different temperatures were 5.5, 2.4, 1.4, and 1.2 days; oviposition periods were 35.8, 20.7, 11.8, and 11.1 days; postoviposition periods were 29.3, 19.7, 15.8, and 14.4 days, respectively. The numbers of eggs laid by a female were 21.7, 28.1, 34.2, and 48.0 at the respective temperatures. A longispinosus overwintered under the ground refuses including weeds, fallen leaves and in the soil surface as adult females.
6. Amblyseius longispinosus gravid female consumed 3.0, 4.9, 15.7, and 19.4 eggs of T. kanzawai per day at 15, 20, 25, and 30℃, respectively. But a protonymph consumed 4.6 eggs, deutonymph 6.3 eggs, female during oviposition 19.4 eggs, and female during postoviposition 6.8 eggs of T. kanzawai per day at 30℃.
7. The functional response curve of the adult A. longispinosus to the density of eggs, larvae, and nymphs of T. kanzawai indicated Holling`s Type Ⅱ: the consumption of prey by the adult A. longispinosus increased with the prey density but the consumption rate decreased.
8. One of the greatest challenges facing scientists today is the need to develop and implement sufficient pest management systems suitable for use by farmers, hat are less costly and take ecological consideration into account. For a number of reasons, it is neccessary that tea pest management systems by developed and implemented with the sensible integration of all the possible metho