초등학생의 인기에 대한 변화신념이 공격성에 미치는 영향 : 긍정적 갈등해결전략을 매개로 = The Effect of Implicit Self-Theories of Popularity on Elementary School Students' Aggression: Focusing on Positive Conflict Resolution Strategies as Mediators

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 아동의 인기에 대한 변화신념이 긍정적 갈등해결전략을 매개로 공격성에 미치는 영향력을 살펴보고자 하였다. 인기에 대한 변화신념은 고정신념과 증진신념으로 구분하였으며 이를 위해 드웩(Dweck)의 변화신념 이론을 활용하였다.
인기에 대한 고정신념은 자신의 인기는 더 이상 변화 가능하지 않으며 고정적이라고 믿는 신념을 말한다. 반면 인기에 대한 증진신념은 자신의 인기는 변화 가능하며 발전할 수 있다고 믿는 신념이다. 본 논문에서는 인기에 대한 이러한 두 가지 다른 신념 체계가 긍정적 갈등해결전략을 매개로 공격성에 어떠한 영향을 주는지를 알아보고자 하였다.
연구에서 제시한 인기에 대한 변화신념은 기존 연구에서 언급되지 않은 새로운 변인인 바, 본 연구는 인기에 대한 변화신념의 요인구조를 탐색해 보고, 관련 변인과의 연관성을 살펴보고자 예비 연구를 실시하였다. 그 결과 인기에 대한 변화신념의 하위요인인 고정신념과 증진신념에 따라 아동의 자아존중감과 내외 통제소재, 그리고 사회적 관계 어려움에 차이가 있음이 밝혀졌다. 이로써 인기에 대한 변화신념 척도의 준거타당도가 확보되었다.
본 연구는 인기에 대한 변화신념을 독립변인으로, 긍정적 갈등해결전략을 매개변인으로, 그리고 공격성을 종속변인으로 설정하여 구조방정식 모형을 활용하여 변인들 간의 직·간접적인 영향관계를 분석하였다. 연구는 인기에 대해 관심이 증가하는 초등학교 6학년 학생을 대상으로 하여 설문조사 방법으로 진행되었다.
본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 본 연구에서 설정한 인기에 대한 변화신념, 긍정적 갈등해결전략, 그리고 공격성 간의 구조적 이론 모형은 적합한 것으로 나타났다.
둘째, 인기에 대한 고정신념은 긍정적 갈등해결전략에 직접적인 영향을 미치지 못하였으나 공격성에는 직접적으로 정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 반면, 인기에 대한 증진신념은 긍정적 갈등해결전략에 직접적으로 정적인 영향을 미쳤으나 공격성에는 직접적인 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 한편, 긍정적 갈등해결전략은 공격성에 직접적으로 부적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.
셋째, 인기에 증진신념은 직접적으로 공격성을 감소시키지는 못하였지만, 긍정적 갈등해결전략에 정적으로 영향을 미치고, 긍정적 갈등해결전략은 부적으로 공격성에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나, 증진신념이 긍정적 갈등해결전략을 매개로 간접적으로 공격성을 낮추는 것으로 분석되었다.
본 연구는 인기에 대한 고정신념과 증진신념이 긍정적 갈등해결전략과 공격성에 미치는 영향 구조가 다르다는 것을 보여주어, 인기에 대한 신념이 아동의 사회적 행동에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인이라는 것을 증명하였다. 이는 지금까지 학습영역에만 국한돼 진행되어온 변화신념의 영역을 사회적 관계의 영역까지 확장하여, 변화신념이 사회적 행동에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요인이라는 것을 확인하였다는 점에서 학술적 의의를 지닌다고 볼 수 있다.
특히 인기에 대한 증진신념이 아동의 긍정적 갈등해결전략에 직접적으로 정적인 영향을 미치고, 긍정적 갈등해결전략이 공격성을 낮추는 요인으로 밝혀진 것은 아동의 신념에 대한 개입이 아동의 공격성을 낮출 수 있음을 시사한다는 점에서 특별한 의미가 있다.
지금까지 아동의 공격성을 낮추려는 시도는 주로 긍정적 갈등해결전략과 같은 사회적 기술향상 프로그램을 중심으로 이루어져왔다. 그러나 최근 연구에서 사회적 기술과 같은 전략이 실제 행동으로 옮겨지기 위해서는 이를 사용하고자 하는 동기와 신념이 보다 중요하다고 밝혀지고 있다. 본 연구에서도 청소년기 아동의 공격성을 낮추는데 인기에 대한 변화신념이 중요한 요인으로 밝혀졌다. 따라서 향후 청소년기 아동의 공격성을 낮추기 위해서는 긍정적인 갈등해결전략과 같은 사회적 기술훈련과 더불어 아동의 인지적 신념을 바꾸려는 시도가 동시에 이루어져야 할 것을 제안한다.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 표차례 ⅳ
• 그림차례 ⅳ
• 국문요지 ⅴ
• Ⅰ. 서론 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 1
• 2. 용어 정의 7
• 1) 인기에 대한 변화신념(Implicit theories of popularity) 7
• 2) 긍정적 갈등해결전략(Positive conflict resolution strategies) 7
• 3) 공격성(Aggression) 8
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 9
• 1. 인기에 대한 변화신념 9
• 1) 인기(Popularity) 9
• 2) 드웩(Dweck)의 변화신념과 인기에 대한 변화신념 12
• 2. 인기에 대한 변화신념과 긍정적 갈등해결전략 18
• 1) 갈등해결전략의 개념과 유형 18
• 2) 인기에 대한 변화신념과 긍정적 갈등해결전략과의 관계 23
• 3. 인기에 대한 변화신념과 공격성 28
• 1) 공격성의 개념 및 유형 28
• 2) 인기에 대한 변화신념과 공격성과의 관계 30
• 4. 긍정적 갈등해결전략과 공격성과의 관계 35
• Ⅲ. 연구모형 및 연구문제 39
• 1. 연구모형 39
• 2. 연구문제 41
• Ⅳ. 연구방법 42
• 1. 예비 연구 42
• 1) 연구 대상 42
• 2) 연구 도구 43
• 3) 자료 분석 47
• 4) 예비 연구결과 47
• 2. 본 연구 51
• 1) 연구대상 및 자료 수집 절차 51
• 2) 측정도구 52
• 3. 자료처리 54
• Ⅴ. 연구결과 57
• 1. 기술통계 및 관찰변인의 정규성 분석 57
• 2. 상관분석 59
• 3. 측정모형 검증 60
• 4. 연구모형 검증 65
• 5. 연구모형의 매개효과 검증 68
• Ⅵ. 결론 70
• 1. 요약 및 논의 70
• 2. 연구의 의의 및 시사점 76
• 3. 연구의 제한점과 후속 연구를 위한 제언 79
• 참고문헌 82
• 부록(설문지) 105
• ABSTRACT

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