생태체계 변인과 중년기 남성의 심리적 적응의 관계 = The Relationships between the Ecosystem Variables and Middle-Aged Men's Psychological Adjustment

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to improve the psychological adjustment of middle-aged men with full time jobs by identifying different ecosystem variables and how subjects adjusted to them. For this purpose, empirical research was conducted. The ecosystem variables regarding the psychological adjustment of men with full-time jobs were divided into three sets: organic body(personal related variables), micro-system(family and job related variables), and meso-system(work-family conflict). These were analyzed for mid-life crisis and life satisfaction.
The sample was selected from middle-aged men(age 40 to 59) working full time with at least one child in five cities across the country. The data were collected by using the method of self-administered questionnaires, and 695 subjects were finally selected as datum sources.
The main results were as follows:
First, Mid-life crisis and life satisfaction were different according to occupation. The highest rates of mid-life crisis were reported in the service industry, while the lowest were reported in technical fields.
Second, Education level, age, and socioeconomic status were also correlated with emotional crisis, despair and powerlessness. In particular, education level was correlated with mid-life crisis and life satisfaction. However, cognitive crisis was not correlated with any variables.
Third, Economic variables and physical variables were also correlated with mid-life crisis and life satisfaction. However, cognitive crisis showed, on the whole, the lowest correlation out of all the variables.
Forth, Family related variables were also correlated with mid-life crisis and life satisfaction. In particular, parental stress showed a higher correlation than marital relationship and adult children's care-giving burden. This demonstrated the importance of parenting roles.
Fifth, Work-family conflict was also correlated with mid-life crisis and life satisfaction. In particular, a higher correlation was reported for mid-life crisis than life satisfaction. this showed that work-family conflict was more affected by a negative psychological viewpoint.
Sixth, Job related variables were also correlated with mid-life crisis and life satisfaction. Job stress was, by and large, showed a higher correlation, while, social support showed the least.
Seventh, Each variable was correlated with most of the scope of the research. The level of living and economic preparation for old age was more strongly correlated with family related variables, work-family conflict, and job related variables than actual monthly income. This showed that subjective cognizance regarding economic conditions was more important to other related variables than actual monthly income. Parental stress was more closely correlated with physical, economic, and job related variable than marital satisfaction and adult children's care-giving burden. Work-family conflict was more strongly correlated with parental stress and adult children's care-giving burden than martial satisfaction.
Finally, results of multiple regression analyses showed that the ecosystem variables influenced mid-life crisis and life satisfaction. Moreover, whenever the men's ecosystem variables increased, the degree of explanation for mid-life crisis and life satisfaction increased more. Marital satisfaction and parental stress had a significantly effect on mid-life crisis and life satisfaction without cognitive crisis. This indicated a need for family life and family therapy.
In conclusion, personal, family related variables, work-family conflict, and Job related variables deduced the ecosystem theory was correlated with middle-aged men's psychological adjustment. Moreover, ecosystem theory was established on the psychological adjustment of middle-aged men by noting that the degree of explanation was increased by adding the men's ecosystem variables. Thus, to help the psychological adjustment of middle-aged men, it is necessary to support family life education, family therapy, and a community and political counter-plan, with ample consideration given to the ecosystem variables.
Based on the results of the study, the following conclusions were made:
First, it is necessary to analyze a more inclusive sample in the respondent process.
Second, it is necessary to run a parallel study that is both quantitative and qualitative to make it in-depth.
Third, it is necessary to develop an accurate scale-taking measurement system with a more inclusive ideas for psychological adjustment.
Finally, it is necessary to study not only psychological adjustment, but also behavioral and social adjustment.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 = 1
• 2. 연구 문제 = 7
• 3. 연구 모형 = 8
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 9
• 1. 중년기의 심리적 적응 = 9
• 1) 중년기의 정의와 특성 = 9
• 2) 우리나라 중년기 남성의 특성 = 11
• 3) 중년기 심리적 적응 = 13
• (1) 위기감 = 14
• (2) 생활만족도 = 16
• 2. 중년기 심리적 적응의 이론적 틀 : 생태체계 이론 = 17
• 3. 중년기 남성의 심리적 적응 관련 요인 = 22
• 1) 개인적 요인 = 22
• (1) 인구학적 특징 = 22
• (2) 신체적 요인 = 24
• (3) 경제적 요인 = 26
• 2) 가족관련 요인 = 27
• (1) 부부관계 = 28
• (2) 부모-자녀관계 = 29
• (3) 노부모와의 관계 = 31
• 3) 직업-가족 갈등 = 33
• 4) 직업관련 요인 = 35
• (1) 직업 스트레스 = 35
• (2) 직업 안정성 = 37
• (3) 직장내 동료관계 = 38
• 4. 관련 변인들 간의 관계 = 39
• 1) 개인적 요인과 가족 및 직업관련 요인의 관계 = 39
• 2) 가족 및 직업관련 요인과 직업-가족 갈등의 관계 = 41
• Ⅲ. 연구 방법 = 44
• 1. 연구 대상 및 자료수집 = 44
• 2. 조사대상자의 일반적 특성 = 44
• 3. 연구도구 = 46
• 1) 개인적 요인 = 47
• 2) 가족관련 요인 = 48
• 3) 직업-가족 갈등 = 49
• 4) 직업관련 요인 = 49
• 5) 심리적 적응 = 50
• 4. 자료 분석 = 52
• Ⅳ. 연구 결과 및 해석 = 54
• 1. 개인적 요인에 따른 차이 또는 관계 = 54
• 1) 인구학적 특징에 따른 차이 또는 관계 = 54
• 2) 신체적·경제적 요인과 심리적 적응의 관계 = 56
• 3) 가족관련 요인과 심리적 적응의 관계 = 58
• 4) 직업-가족 갈등과 심리적 적응의 관계 = 59
• 5) 직업관련 요인과 심리적 적응의 관계 = 60
• 2. 관련 변인들 간의 관계 = 63
• 3. 관련 변인들이 심리적 적응에 미치는 영향 = 66
• 1) 정서적 위기감에 대한 영향력 = 67
• 2) 개별화 위기감에 대한 영향력 = 69
• 3) 능력과 활력의 상실감에 대한 영향력 = 71
• 4) 전체 위기감에 대한 영향력 = 74
• 5) 생활만족도에 대한 영향력 = 77
• Ⅴ. 논의 및 제언 = 80
• 1. 요약 및 논의 = 80
• 2. 제언 = 90
• 참고 문헌 = 95
• 부록 = 115