韓國의 軍事指揮體制에 관한 硏究 : 統合軍制 適用可能性 與否를 中心으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

"Military Command System" is a jargon that means the Authrities of that comprehends bit military command right and military politics right which is donated from president in respective military steps. That can be separated into four systems according to the ration of military command right and of military politics right. This system doesn't exist as an absolutely predominant system but shows variable types according to the politics system of respective nation, national security surroundings, national power, and social-cultural inheritances.
The main types of this system are Consultative co-staff chairman System, Controlling co-staff chairman System, National defense staff board System, and United Forces System. First, Consultative co-staff chairman System is a military command system that existed prior to 818 military structure revision. In this system, National defense governor comprehends military politics and military command. National defense governor performs military politics and military command details donated. Co-staff chairman is deleted in military command line and performs only military command aid function. This system is being used in Japan as a military command system.
Second, Controlling co-staff chairman system, this system was adopted by Korea and U.S.A. In this system, National defense governor comprehends both military politics and military command. Controlling co-staff chairman system is placed in military command line and controls comprehensive operation command center that is composed of the operation troops of three forces that perform only supporting function.
Third, National defense staff board system, this system is adopted by England and by France and by Western Germany. In this system, National defense governor comprehends both millatary politics and military command. Co-staff chairman exerts military command right and exersize, military politics right donated from National defense governor.
Fourth, United Forces system has two types. The first type is that under which is one Gross co-staff chairman that represents total troops. Gross co-staff chairman unifies military politics and military command under the command and supervision of National defense governor. The second type is that president exerts military command directly through Gross co-staff chairman. National defense governor is exempt from military command line and performs only military politics.
United Forces system which is being suggested nowadays as a replacement of the Korea military command system, controlling co-staff chairman system, is characterized as the powerful exertion of totalized fighting power by unifying military politics and military command. This system has been adopted by North Korea and Israel that has 100,000 ~ 200,000 forces.
Can it be the replacement of the military command system of Korea Force even considering the current condition of Korea Force? For that purpose, we suould examine the evolution of the military command system of Korea Force and the current condition. The major aspects that influenced the evolution are the military coldness following the Korean War and Korea-U.S.A. allied operation system. From 1948, the year of the creation of Korea Force, the military command system was 2Forces Unified co-staff system until the Korean War ended. Later the Air Force got to be independent from the Army. This time Korea Force seperated into the Army, Navy and Air Force. In 1978 Korea-U.S.A. allied command was created and Korea simultaneously got to exert operation control right with U.S.A. Also under 3Forces independence system Korea-U.S.A. allied forces considered the expulsion of the American Forces in Korea and performed 818 military structure revision for the firmness of National self defense. As a result of experiment 8. 1. 1990 the military structure revision was proclaimed and as the second forces creation will Controlling co-staff chairman system got to be adopted decisively.
In current military command system of Korea Force by 818 military structure revision, National defense governor performs national defense and commands operation through Joint Chiefs of staff. The characteristics of this revision is rho change of the system that the function dissociation between military politics and military command, the preparation of the condition of balanced development of three forces, Korea-U.S.A. allied Force co-existed system. Under this Korea Force development and its offspring of that development, United Forces System supporters insist the adoption as the cause of the revision that allied Force comprehends military politics and military command exerting allied Fighting Force and enhances the combat readiness by shortening military command line and enhances economical military keeping by unifying and abandoning three Forces reserve function.
But In United Forces System, The principle of controlled by civilian cannot only be adhered but also the balanced development of three Forces can come to harm. So that teachnology compact military development is hard to achieve and that Korea-U.S.A. allied operation system isn't corisidered. In fact, this system has no merits in the aspects of Force exertion and of resource keeping effectiveness. For those factors, this system is not effective to Korean Military Command System.
Specially considering that Korea-U.S.A. allied operation system can continue not only when Korea exerts exercise rights but also when South Korea and North Korea are unified, if both Air Force and Navy deteriorate into shabby commands, what on earth can Korea Force get at the cost of operation power loss and position debasement? Now, the discussion of the revision of Military Command System should not start in the problems of Military Command System itself but the current system should be improved according to 818 military structure revision.
Under current system, the assignment of revision that Korea Force forced is that Controlling co-staff System should be improved and developed. For that, to Korea Force a few revision is required. First, Korea Force made base of the principle of the cannot by the civilian to enhance the spirits of the revision of the Military Command System. The current Korea Force don't have the surrounding conditions of political neutrality and military politics organization is composed of most juniors that don't have specialty in the functional aspects. Second, Technology-compected Force should be oriented by balancing three Forces. The current Korea Force tilted to the Army seriously in terms of the ration of Force investment. As long as Korea Force doesn't evade this condition, it can't construct technology-compacted Force. For that, Force balancing of most discussion organization that solves major prblems should be realzed. Third, military command line should be firm. For the purpose that exercise rights of the co-staff can be peformed well the coherent harmony should be made between Personnel rights and Financial planning rights, the range of participation should be enlarged in weapon demand, operation supporting function and in personnel right. Also in the case that when war breaks, the practical operation is performed by joint command, that The operation right of Korea Force is alienated and that the unified Korea Force is created, the structure, the position and the function of Korea Force should be firm overally.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• 第1章 序論 = 1
• 第1飾 硏究의 目的 = 1
• 第2節 硏究의 範圍와 方法 = 4
• 第2章 軍事指揮體制의 槪念과 統合軍制의 特性 = 5
• 第1節 軍事指揮의 機能 = 5
• 1. 軍事指揮 定意 = 5
• 2. 軍事指揮의 位相 = 6
• 第2節 軍事指揮體制의 基本 類形 = 10
• 1. 諮問形 合參議長制 = 12
• 2. 統制形 合參議長制(合同軍制) = 13
• 3. 國防參課議長制(合同軍制) = 14
• 4. 單一參謀總長制(統合軍制) = 15
• 第3節 統合軍制의 特性 = 17
• 第3章 主要 國家의 軍事指揮體制 = 20
• 第1節 諮問形 合參議長制 適用國家(日本) = 21
• 第2節 統制形 合同議長制 適用國家(美國) = 22
• 第3節 國防參謀總長制(合同軍制) 適用國家 = 24
• 1. 프랑스 = 24
• 2. 英國 = 25
• 3. 獨逸 = 28
• 第4節 統合軍制 適用國家의 軍事指揮體制 = 30
• 1. 北韓 = 30
• 2. 이스라엘 = 33
• 第5節 外國의 軍事指揮體制 分析 結果 = 35
• 第4聿 韓國軍 軍事指揮體制의 發展科程 및 現實態 = 37
• 第1節 韓國軍 軍事指揮體制의 發展環境 = 37
• 1. 國際環境 = 37
• 2. 國內環境 = 38
• 3. 軍事的 要因 = 39
• 第2節 韓國軍 軍事指揮體制의 發展環境 = 41
• 1. 8.15解放 以後(1945.11.13~1950.6.29) = 41
• 2. 6.25戰爭 以後(1950.6.30~1965.6.21) = 44
• 3. 越南戰 派兵 以後(1965.6.21~1990.9.30) = 48
• 4. 걸프戰 派兵以後(1990.10.1 ~ 현재) = 50
• 第3節 韓國軍 軍事指揮體制의 現實態 = 52
• 1. 現行 軍事 指揮體制 = 52
• 2. 指揮體制의 特性 = 53
• 第5章 統合軍制 適用可能性과 韓國軍 軍事指揮體制 發展方向 = 56
• 第1節 合同軍制와 統合軍制 適用 論議 = 56
• 第2節 統合軍制 適用에 現實的인 制限要因 = 58
• 1. 憲法上 問題點(文民統制 側面) = 58
• 2. 3軍 均衡發展 沮害 = 59
• 3. 韓·美 聯合 作戰體制 未考慮 = 61
• 4. 組織 理論 側面 = 62
• 第3節 現行 合同軍制의 發展方向 = 64
• 1. 文民統制 基盤確立 = 67
• 2. 3軍의 均衡發展 通한 技術集約形 軍 指向 = 68
• 3. 軍令係線의 强化 = 72
• 4. 軍政, 軍令權의 調和 = 74
• 第6章 結論 = 76
• summary = 83