외현적·암묵적 자존감과 분노 상황에 따른 공격성 차이 연구 = The Relationship of Explicit and Implicit Self-Esteem, Situation, and Aggression

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Previous studies of the relationship between explicit and implicit self-esteem and aggression are limited in that they show a tendency to overlook the adaptive aspect of actively blocking the subject that triggered frustration. They are also limited in that they measure aggression based on self-report scales, which do not reflect the role of implicit self-esteem, and measure an individual's degree of aggression shown in daily life, which does not take into account the different degrees of aggression shown according to situation. This study argues that aggression can play an adaptive role in individuals according to situation. Plus, this study measures individuals' aggression in specific anger-inducing situations. Furthermore, based on the consideration that indirect measurement is required to clarify the role of implicit self-esteem, this study used a method in which another person indirectly observes and evaluates the behaviors of individuals. This study observed the difference in aggression shown according to the degree of explicit and implicit self-esteem and anger aroused by the situation. This study also compared the adaptiveness of responses to the anger-inducing situation according to the type of self-esteem. 124 Korean undergraduates completed the questionnaire to measure self-esteem and aggression. A low anger scenario is given to 57 participants and a high anger scenario is given to 67 participants. They were immersed in the given scenario and wrote how they would react. Based on their writings, 2 psychological counseling experts assessed how aggressive and adaptive the respondents are. Results showed that the group with high explicit and implicit self-esteem showed high aggression in situations that provoked high anger but low aggression in situations that aroused low anger. Based on this study, high aggression can be as assumed to be a maladaptive response of an individual with unhealthy self- esteem and, at the same time, an adaptive response to frustrating situations experienced by individuals with healthy self-esteem. The limitation and suggestions for the further studies are discussed.

국문 초록 (Abstract)

외현적․암묵적 자존감과 공격성의 관계에 대한 기존 연구들은 공격성의 부적응적 측면에만 초점을 두어, 좌절을 유발한 대상을 적극적으로 저지하는 행동의 적응적 측면을 간과하는 경향이 있었다. 연구 방법에 있어서 기존 연구들은 공격성을 자기보고식 특질 검사에만 의존하여 측정하였기 때문에, 상황에 따라 공격성이 다르게 나타나는 양상이나 공격성에 대한 암묵적 자존감의 역할을 반영하지 못한 한계점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 상황에 따라서는 공격성이 개인에게 적응적인 역할을 할 수 있다고 보았다. 또한 구체적인 분노 상황에서 나타나는 공격성을 타인이 행동을 간접적으로 관찰하여 평정하는 방법으로 측정하였다. 구체적으로, 외현적․암묵적 자존감과 상황의 분노 유발 정도에 따라 공격성에 차이가 나타나는지 살펴보았다. 또한 외현적․암묵적 자존감을 기준으로 한 자존감 유형에 따라 분노 상황에 대한 반응의 적응성을 비교하였다. 한국 대학생 124명을 대상으로 자존감과 공격성 관련 변인들을 측정하였다. 그리고 높은 분노를 유발하는 시나리오를 67명의 피험자에게 제시하였으며 낮은 분노를 유발하는 시나리오를 57명의 피험자에게 제시하였다. 시나리오에 대한 반응을 피험자가 기술한 내용에 대해 상담전문가 2인이 공격성과 적응성을 평정하였다. 그 결과, 높은 분노 상황에서는 두 자존감이 모두 높은 집단이 높은 공격성을 보였지만 낮은 분노 상황에서는 두 자존감이 모두 높은 집단이 낮은 공격성을 보였다. 또한 이 집단의 적응성이 가장 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 높은 공격성이 자존감이 취약한 개인의 부적응적인 반응이면서 동시에 건강한 자존감을 가진 개인의 좌절 상황에 대한 적극적인 대처반응이 될 수 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구의 한계점과 후속 연구를 위한 과제가 논의되었다.

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