Korean EFL University Students’ Experiences in an Extracurricular Tutoring Program

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study explores Korean EFL university students’ lived experiences in an extracurricular tutoring program. Using a phenomenological research framework, 59 students’ weekly and final reflective journals and in-depth interviews with seven students were analyzed to determine the essence of their experiences. By coding the data into categories and sub-categories, three major themes and 12 sub-themes were derived to describe participants’ motives for program participation, collaborative learning strategies, and outcomes. In groups, students participated in the extracurricular tutoring program to achieve a shared goal with the support of one another. Their collaborative learning was mediated by using a variety of strategies: making ground rules, establishing and revising learning plans, sharing materials and information, using mobile technology, developing ideas through discussion, giving and receiving feedback, and teaching group members. These strategies were conducive to students’ learning, resulting in their increased English proficiency, acquisition of English learning methods, and confidence in learning English. Central to this study is the idea that collaborative learning is an important process and mechanism for successful English learning and competency development. The findings from this research provide pedagogical insights and implications for learner-centered approaches to English education.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 박혜정, "핵심역량 기반 대학 교양교육과정 설계 모형 연구 -K대학 사례를 중심으로" 한국교양교육학회 12 (12): 65-87, 2018

2 김인수, "학습공동체 운영사례 연구: K대학교 동료 튜터링을 중심으로" 한국성인교육학회 13 (13): 1-32, 2010

3 정숙희, "상호동료튜터링 기반 학습동아리 활동의 학습자 경험에 대한 연구" 한국열린교육학회 24 (24): 25-53, 2016

4 김혜진, "비교과 학습공동체 프로그램 효과 분석" 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 6 (6): 143-152, 2016

5 안현아, "동료 튜터링 프로그램 유형이 대학생의 학업성취에 미치는 효과: C대학교 사례를 중심으로" 학습자중심교과교육학회 16 (16): 357-377, 2016

6 유경아, "동료 튜터링 운영 사례 연구 - 교양영어 학습 성취와 만족도 중심" 한국교양교육학회 10 (10): 93-126, 2016

7 김은영, "대학생 학습공동체 활동의 교육적 의미 탐색: 스터디그룹 지속참여자를 중심으로" 학습자중심교과교육학회 13 (13): 91-119, 2013

8 박성희, "대학생 융복합능력 함양을 위한 학습공동체 효과성 분석" 한국디지털정책학회 13 (13): 29-37, 2015

9 염민호, "대학 학습공동체 효과 분석 : 전남대학교 사례" 한국교육행정학회 30 (30): 207-232, 2012

10 유경아, "대학 튜터링 프로그램이 학습자들의 영어 성취와 학습동기에 미치는 영향" 인문학연구소 18 (18): 145-172, 2017

11 염민호, "대학 교수학습센터의 이해와 발전 방안" 한국교육학회 46 (46): 219-248, 2008

12 유경아, "교양영어 교과목 관련 튜터링 프로그램 운영과 개선 방안" 사단법인 인문사회과학기술융합학회 8 (8): 261-269, 2018

13 김혜경, "교실 외 스터디그룹 활동이 토익 독해와 어휘학습 및 학습자 인식에 미치는 영향" 현대영어교육학회 14 (14): 237-257, 2013

14 DeWitt, D., "Wikis for collaborative learning: A case study of knowledge management and satisfaction among teacher trainees in Malaysia" 141 : 894-898, 2014

15 Wiesemes, R., "Video conferencing for opening classroom doors in initial teacher education:Sociocultural processes of mimicking and improvisation" 6 (6): 1-15, 2010

16 Fu, Q. K., "Trends in mobile technology-supported collaborative learning : A systematic review of journal publications from 2007 to 2016" 119 : 129-143, 2018

17 Lundstrom, K., "To give is better than to receive : The benefits of peer review to the reviewer’s own writing" 18 (18): 1-43, 2009

18 Nayan, S., "The practice of collaborative learning among lecturers in Malaysia" 4 (4): 115-123, 2010

19 Knowles, M. S., "The modern practice of adult education:From pedagogy to andragogy" Cambridge 1975

20 Nunan, D., "The learner-centred curriculum: A study in second language teaching" Cambridge University Press 1988

21 Ibrahim, N., "The importance of implementing collaborative learning in the English as a second language (ESL) classroom in Malaysia" 31 : 346-353, 2015

22 Baleghizadeh, S., "The effect of self-assessment on EFL learners’ self-efficacy" 31 (31): 42-58, 2013

23 Gray, A., "The 10 skills you need to thrive in the Fourth Industrial Revolution"

24 Brown, H. D., "Teaching by principles: An interactive approach to language pedagogy" Prentice Hall Regents 2001

25 Badger, R., "Teaching and learning the English language: A problem-solving approach" Bloomsbury Academic 2018

26 Peirce, B., "Social identity, investment, and language learning" 29 (29): 9-31, 1995

27 Nunan, D., "Research methods in language learning" Cambridge University Press 1992

28 Creswell, J. W., "Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches" Sage 2009

29 Doghonadze, N., "Problem solving in teaching foreign languages to students of pedagogical departments" 2 (2): 101-114, 2008

30 Brown, H. D., "Principles of language learning and teaching" Prentice Hall Regents 1994

31 Moustakas, C., "Phenomenological research methods" Sage 1994

32 Sharif, N. M., "Peer-tutoring and tertiary ESL learners" 66 : 441-447, 2012

33 Storch, N., "Patterns of interaction in ESL pair work" 52 (52): 119-158, 2002

34 Vygotsky, L. S., "Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes" Harvard University Press 1978

35 Duran, D., "Learning-by-teaching. Evidence and implications as a pedagogical mechanism" 54 (54): 476-484, 2017

36 Falchikov, N., "Learning together: Peer tutoring in higher education" Routledge Falmer 2001

37 Montano-Gonzalez, J. X., "Learning strategies in second language acquisition" 15 (15): 479-492, 2017

38 Liang, X., "Issues of cooperative learning in ESL classes : A literature review" 15 (15): 13-23, 1998

39 Chiriac, E. H., "Group work as an incentive for learning‒students’ experiences of group work" 5 : 1-10, 2014

40 Chang, L. Y. -H., "Group processes and EFL learners’motivation: A study of group dynamics in EFL classrooms" 44 (44): 129-154, 2010

41 Forsyth, D. R., "Group dynamics" Wadsworth, Cengage Learning 2010

42 Boud, D., "Feedback in higher and professional education: Understanding it and doing it well" Routledge 2013

43 Chisiu, C. M., "Extracurricular activities, an alternative for interdisciplinary learning" 4 (4): 67-79, 2013

44 AndrewEdwardFinch, "Ethical Assessment: Implications for EFL Educators in Korea" 한국영어교육학회 57 (57): 333-351, 2002

45 Moore, C., "Engaging students in peer review : Feedback as learning" 23 (23): 198-211, 2013

46 Hwang, Eun-young, "Eksŏllŏnt'ŭ t'yut'ŏling: Taehaksaengŭl wihan haksŭpkaitŭ [Excellent tutoring:A learning guide for university students]" Hakchisa 2008

47 Topping, K., "Effective peer tutoring in further and higher education" SEDA 1996

48 Taqi, H. A., "Effect of group work on EFL students’ attitudes and learning in higher education" 3 (3): 52-65, 2014

49 Creswell, J. W., "Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research" Pearson 2012

50 Oxford, R. L., "Cooperative learning, collaborative learning, and interaction : Three communicative strands in the language classroom" 81 (81): 443-456, 1997

51 정경옥, "Cooperative and Collaborative Learning through Reciprocal Peer Tutoring in EFL University Reading Instruction" 한국영어어문교육학회 17 (17): 75-95, 2011

52 Johnson, D., "Computer-assisted cooperative learning" 25 (25): 12-18, 1986

53 Roschelle, J., "Computer Supported Collaborative Learning" Springer 69-97, 1995

54 Dillenbourg, P., "Collaborative-learning: Cognitive and computational approaches" Elsevier 1-19, 1999

55 Laal, M., "Collaborative learning: What is it?" 31 : 491-495, 2012

56 Gokhale, A. A., "Collaborative learning enhances critical thinking" 7 (7): 22-30, 1995

57 Buitrago, A. G., "Collaborative and self-directed learning strategies to promote fluent EFL speakers" 10 (10): 139-157, 2017

58 Wang, S., "Collaboration factors and quality of learning experience on interactive mobile assisted social e-learning" 13 (13): 24-34, 2014

59 Strauss, A., "Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques" Sage 1990

60 Azizinezhad, M., "Application of cooperative learning in EFL classes to enhance the students’ language learning" 93 : 138-141, 2013

61 Jeong, Kyeong-Ouk, "A study on the integration of Google Docs as a web-based collaborative learning platform in EFL writing instruction" 9 (9): 1-7, 2016

62 Cockrell, K. S., "A context for learning : Collaborative groups in problem-based learning environment" 23 (23): 347-363, 2000