The purpose of this study was to examine physical education teacher’s insufficient parts in the clarification and practice of crucial area of technology pedagogical content knowledge competence and then contribute to the development of diverse media...
The purpose of this study was to examine physical education teacher’s insufficient parts in the clarification and practice of crucial area of technology pedagogical content knowledge competence and then contribute to the development of diverse media-utilized contents and to the improvement of physical education curricula that could provide help in the development of technology pedagogical content knowledge competence. For this, the author looked into the pros and cons of technology-utilized physical education classes in secondary schools, based on actual cases, and comprehensively analyzed the perception and reaction to secondary physical education and then presented an activation plan for secondary physical education classes, in order to provide better educational environment to physical education teachers and new educational environment to students.
For this, a questionnaire survey of 294 in-service and pre-service physical education teachers (141 teachers, 69 students in the graduate schools of education at C University and K University, and 84 applicants for teacher certification examination) in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon areas was carried out, with the methods of visitation, mail and online. In addition, a qualitative study was carried out with 3 physical education teachers (one in Gyeonggi area, and two in Gyeongnam area).
As for the measuring tool for quantitative study, the author modified and supplemented the newest version of Archambault & Cripen (2009)’s TPACK questionnaire translated and used in the study of Eom Mi-ri, Sin Won-seok and Han In-suk (2011) and the questionnaire developed by Chai (2011) and modified and supplemented by Park Gi-cheol (2013). As for qualitative study, data were collected by focused group interview and literature examination and then they were structured through analyzing the record of cases. Via multilateral analysis, consultation with fellow researchers and review with members, the reliability of data was confirmed.
In addition, using SPSS 20.0 version, frequency analysis, reliability analysis, t-test and IPA were carried out. Study findings are as follows:
First, in-service and pre-service physical education teachers presented significant difference between their matrix analysis-oriented importance and practice of TPACK competence. They regarded TPACK competence as important, but their degree of practice was lower. The results of IPA analysis on the importance and practice of TPACK competence presented the fact that competence in the area of TPACK had to be cultivated above all.
Second, physical education teachers presented significant difference between their teaching career-oriented perception of importance and practice of technology competence. All the physical education teachers who were in pre-service or whose career was less or more than 10 years perceived TPACK competence as important, but their degree of practice was lower.
Third, physical education teachers presented significant difference between their perception of school rank-oriented importance and practice of technology competence. School rank-oriented both groups of physical education teachers perceived TPACK competence as important, but their degree of practice was lower. Results showed the fact that high school physical education teacher’s TPACK competence had to be cultivated first of all.
Fourth, physical education teachers presented significant difference between their perception of importance and practice of TPACK competence in relation to items for competence by areas. As for the area of TK, they thought it was important to know the kinds of technology and learn it, but the degree of practice was lower. As for the area of CK, teachers attached much weight to self-confidence in teaching of curriculum contents to students, and their degree of practice was higher as well.
Fifth, physical education teachers who were utilizing technology perceived it very positively. They thought the utilization of technology in classes was very easy for students who were accustomed to IT devices and its proper use could improve student’s learning ability and concentration on learning. Different from the classes in the past of which focus was psychomotor domain, the active use of tablet PC in physical education classes, with which students were encouraged to search and apply what they wanted firsthand, could expand the domain to cognitive and affective domains, thus making students more active in classes and increase their interest and satisfaction with learning.
Sixth, the biggest advantage of use of technology in physical education classes was in that its proper use was very efficient and effective in teaching students. In addition, as students carried out self-directed learning through technology devices, teachers could play a very important role of an assistant, thus cultivating student’s creative idea. However, in Kinect classes, teacher’s small negligence can make students distracted and create the atmosphere of playground. In addition, since every kind of physical education has its own usage of technology, to develop a new program which is appropriate for curricula and students needs a lot of effort and time.
Seventh, in order to activate technology-utilized secondary physical education classes, it is necessary to improve teacher’s competence first of all. For this, training of pre-service teachers must get out of a learn-by-rote based knowledge-delivery education system and then make them perceive the importance of technology-utilized secondary physical education and use it positively. In addition, in-service physical education teachers for the present must put endeavor in the development of various programs for technology-utilized physical education classes and perceive the use of technology as not difficult, by having many training opportunities. It is also necessary for teachers to share exemplary cases of active use or operation of technology in schools, thus practicing better physical education classes in which students take part in actively and pleasantly.