Membrane distillation (MD) focuses on a new generation desalination system. MD has disparate transportation property against conventional membrane process. However, technical characteristics of the membrane cannot be free from fouling by natural organ...
Membrane distillation (MD) focuses on a new generation desalination system. MD has disparate transportation property against conventional membrane process. However, technical characteristics of the membrane cannot be free from fouling by natural organic matter (NOM). Moreover, organic fouling leads to membrane partial wetting due to hydrophobicity reduction.
The existence of humic acid in the feed solution causes the membrane partial wetting phenomena. Due to this, on average flux was reduced by 28.8% and traces of salt and humic acid were detected at the distillate. Flux decline can be occurred by fouling. However, detections of salt and humic acid were result of membrane wetting. The transportation of salt and humic acid is impossible without wetting. So, wetting phenomenon was accompanied with the movement of contaminations along with flux decline.
Qualitative influence of humic acid on hydrophobic membranes were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectrometer with attenuated total refection (FTIR-ATR), and contact angle measurement. For the PVDF membranes, contamination observed at membrane surface and pores. Whereas, the PTFE membranes were contaminated only at surface. The functional groups of this contamination were Sp3 CO, Sp2 CO, and Sp2 CC. This is hydrophilic functional groups of humic acid. Likewise, humic acid contamination led to contact angle decline. The PVDF membranes were decreased 24.5°, the PTFE membranes were decreased 14.6° on average.
Furthermore, the produced fresh water quality control method was proposed in order to overcome the distillate contamination by membrane partial wetting.