材料費의 統制와 計算에 關한 硏究 = A Study for the Control and Account of Material Cost

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Since USOM has reported that due to poor accounting data in Korea, there lie difficulties in deciding problems of loan, unified accounting data are demanded and raising questions and comments on the current system and the introduction of accounting practices seem very important.
Ⅰ. Introduction
As managers and accountants should know about the cost of each product, they need appropriate cost informations and suggestions on the development of the cost accounting system. Accurate cost informations can be made the best use in the following processes:
1) Determination of selling price
2) Determination of contribution profit of a product to total income.
3) The operation of quality control.
4) The establishment of responsible accounting system for production director.
5) The evaluation of inventory assets on financial statements.
Further studies could be done in accounting system for labor cost and manufacturing indirect cost as well as on the currently practiced accounting methods of Korea.
Ⅱ. A Comment on the Control and Calculation system
1. The Material Cost
It is hard to calculate the product cost under the current system because it doesn't have a perfect cost accounting system, i.e., it covers only (1) abulation of cost, (2) entry of cost, (3) classification or allocation of each cost, (4) reports on production cost.
2. The Purchase
Because purchases of material are done by the chief of raw material purchasing section and they are imported mostly from countries of origin, the situation and procedures of the purchases should be well informed.
3. Inspection and Storage
Inspection should be handled by the chief of business section, so the purchasing section would better not interfere in this matter for the sake of business. Inspection reports should be kept as significant data because there are the starting point of the control of material. And quantity should be checked together with the representative of the seller and an ivoice be received in order to be handled.
4. Taking goods out the Warehouse
The quantity of the material needed for production is calculated daily by the business planning section. According to the results form an analysis of an accounting system which is adopted by 30 manufacturers, out-taking goods does not enter in the general ledger, but only in the supplementary ledger. It is recommended that out-taking enters on the credit side of a material account in the general ledger and on the general ledger and on the debtor's side of a inventory account in order to improve the current procedures.
5. Allocation of the material cost by sector
- 閔 內 漂-
Total quantity of the delivered material is accounted at the end of each month by summing up all the quantities which are taken out of the warehouse by each sector.
quantity of material to be posted in
taken out of the x unit cost…→allocation…→the material cost calculation
warehouse table
to be posted in the production cost by sector
This is the total quantity method. It gives difficulties in calculating the cost.
Ⅲ. A Proposal on Handling of the Material Accounting
1. Handling of Material Accounting
The control and calculation system of the material cost will show the flow of the cost data from documentary evidence to the supplementary ledger through the general ledger. The supplementary ledger will be the basic document for the items, quantity and cost of the materials and for products which are produced at each work and by each procedure. Approval and audit of invoice is a function of the accounting section.
2. Accounting procedures of the purchase
Purchasing procedures:
1) To receive a written claim for materials, commodities and apparatus.
2) To maintain up-to-date data on the home (origin) of the materials, price and shipping, and on the delivery schedule.
3) To prepare for the order sheet.
4) To make a proper anp systematic report between the purchasing, inspection and the accounting sections.
The purchase written claim should be prepared by particular members and the copy be kept by the section which issues the claim.
3. Inspection Control
The inspetcion section calculates the quantity of the arrived materials and measures weight or length of them. Inspection report carries an item of the details about the data and one of whether they have been approved or not.
4. Inspection and Entry of the Invoice
This is a procedure to see whether the inspection report agrees with the invoice and is taken care of by the accounting section. The approval of the invoice is important since it is directly related with money.
5. Current Account of Raw Material
This is an important factor for the control of the inventory assets. This is an account book which provides certain data by which the responsibility is set up. cost informations on the practical cost calculation are offered, the necessity for are-order in informed, and which help decide the best cost-saving standard order quantity.
6. Taking raw materials out of the warehouse
The materials are taken out of the warehouse through a material written claim and the slips of the claim are summed up and are made similar to a slip tabulation in order to be posted in the general ledger.
Ⅳ. Costs of Inventory Material and Production
1. Cost Calculation of Inventory Material
In the method of moving average, a mean is calculated by adding the quantity and the amount of money to the inventory amount at each purchase and the cost of all the materials, which are taken out of the warehouse till a new purchase is made, is calculated by this average unit cost.
2. Material Cost of the Production Cost
A material cost is appeared on the material written claim and on the report of particular works and procedures. And a tabulation of the production cost is prepared every day when the works are completed to sum up the products which are produced on that day.
3. Domestic Control
Domestic control on the inventory material is performed by separating entry work of the current account of the raw materials and the responsibilities for storing the practical quantity of inventory materials. Here, the current account of the raw materials is used in the control of, mainly, purchase, storage, and of the investment. And the timing and the quantity of the re-order, which are made properly, can make the society reach the most desirable balance between the acquisition cost of material and the cost of storage.
Ⅴ. Business Administration Report
There needs a report to accomplish the effective administration and control of the inventory assets. The contents of the report include the followings:
1) An analysis of items by class
2) Purchases and unacquired goods
3) Defective goods and the amount of money of re-processed goods which indicate proper handling of raw materials and the quantity used in detail.
4) The difference between the amoun's in the current account of the raw materials and the examined amount of the raw materials, which shows whether the handling and of the raw materials are correct.
5) Calulation of the standard quantity of particular products.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 序 論
• 1. 原價會計制度에 對한 提案
• 2. 銀行傳票의 理解
• 3. 原價會計의 根本目的
• Ⅱ. 現行制度의 論評
• 1. 材料費
• 2. 購買節次
• 3. 檢受와 保管
• 4. 原材料의 出庫
• Ⅲ. 部門別 材料費
• 1. 材料費配分
• 2. 工程別原價報告書 作成
• 3. 保管 및 貯藏
• Ⅳ. 現行計算制度에 對한 提案
• 1. 材料費의 會計處理
• 2. 購買檢受節次
• 3. 檢査와 記帳
• 4. 時在帳과 出庫帳
• Ⅴ. 材料의 原價計算
• 1. 在庫材料의 原價計算
• 2. 製品製造原價
• 3. 內部統制
• Ⅵ. 結 論
• 1. 經營管理 報告書
• 2. 原價會計와 財務會計
• 3. 原價資料의 利用
• 4. 原價計算制度의 基本構造