융합시대 역사 교양교육－기후사를 통한 역사교양의 융합적 전환의 모색 = History General Education in the Era of Convergence : Seeking Change by Climate History

국문 초록 (Abstract)

역사교양의 융합적 전환은 분명 교양 역사학도 제대로 정립되지 않은 마당에 교양과 융합이라는 두 마리 토끼를 모두 잡는 격이지만, 기후사는 이 두 마리 토끼를 모두 잡는 데 효과적인 사냥 도구로 쓰일 수 있다. 본고에서는 기후사의 역사교양적 전환을 크게 세 단계로 나누어 논의하였다. 먼저, 역사콘텐츠의 생래적인 융복합적 성격에 힘입어 아날사학, 지구사, 빅히스토리로 꾸준히 이어져온 융합적 실험과 새로운 방법론적 혁신을 살펴봄으로써 역사학의 융합학문적 성격을 확인하였다. 이어진 장에서는 융합학문의 첨병으로 회자되는 빅히스토리가 아닌 기후사에 주목하여 왜 이 새로운 역사학 장르가 역사교양의 융합적 전환을 견인할 더 큰 잠재력을 갖는지 살펴보았다. 마지막으로는 기후사를 융합과학이 아닌 융합교양 콘텐츠로 개발하는 과정에서 핵심적으로 고려해야 할 세 가지 논제로서 기후과학, 기후 담론, 지구시스템을 키워드로 다루었다. 종국적으로 본고에서는 기후사가 학생들이 작금의 학술적, 정치적 담론과 거리를 두고 실제 역사적 사건을 통해 조망, 판단함으로써 새로운 성찰, 판단, 대응능력을 함양할 수 있는 최적의 융합교양 콘텐츠라고 주장하였다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Although making the history general education convergent can be compared to hunting two birds with one stone - due to the fact that history general education is not well established yet - climate history could serve as a pertinent tool for doing this sort of hunting. This paper discusses the multifarious aspects of climate history for convergent general education in three steps. The first section reviewed the convergent experiments and new methodological discussions continued from Annales and global history through ‘Big History.’ In result, it confirmed the inherently convergent character of history content itself. In the following section, this paper payed full attention to climate history, not Big History, which is often cited as a front runner of convergence science. It also discussed why this new field of history has a bigger potential to lead the convergent shift of history. The last section was devoted to three subject matters, i.e. climate science, climate discourse, and the earth system, which need to be considered in the process of developing climate history as a convergent general education content, not as the content of a convergence science. Eventually, this paper came to the conclusion that climate history is the best content for convergent type of general education, due to the possibility that it could lead students to develop a new thinking and responding skill by keeping distance from the current academic and political discourses and by making their own judgments based upon historical events.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 디페시 차크라바티, "행성시대 역사의 기후" 에코리브르 2023

2 박혜정, "하나의 지구 복수의 지구사" 연세대학교출판문화원 2022

3 디페시 차크라바티, "인류세와 기후위기의 대가속" 한울아카데미 168-189, 2022

4 자크 르펠, "인간과학의 통일성 구축을 위하여" 4 : 165-184, 1994

5 박혜정, "역사, 기후, 교육-인류세 시대 기후사 연구와 교육-" 역사교육학회 (79) : 175-209, 2022

6 김기봉, "역사 너머의 역사. 빅히스토리, 문명의 길을묻다" 문학과지성사 2023

7 Radkau, J., "생태의 시대" 열린책들 2022

8 요한 록스트룀, "브레이킹 바운더리즈" 사이언스북스 2022

9 Christian, D., "‘Big history,’ Globalization and Australis: Towards a more inclusive account of the past" Austrian Academy of the Humanities 25 : 125-151, 2000

10 Radkau, J., "Zukunftswissen? Potenziale prospektiver Erkenntnis am Beispiel der Energiewirtschaft" J.B. Metzler 167-211, 2023

11 Geyer, M., "World history in a global age" 100 (100): 1034-1060, 1995

12 Heise, U., "Welcome to the anthropocene: The earth in our hands" Deutsches Museum 38-42, 2015

13 Erb, K. -H., "Unexpectedly large impact of forest management and grazing on global vegetation biomass" 553 : 73-76, 2018

14 Degroot, D., "Towards a rigorous understanding of societal responses to climate change" 591 : 539-550, 2021

15 Laduri e, E. L. R, "Times of feast, times of famine: A history of climate since the year 1000" Farrar Straus &Giroux 1988

16 Wallace-Wells, D., "The unhabitable earth: Life after warming" Time Duggan Books 2019

17 Christiansen, B., "The extra-tropical Northern Hemisphere temperature in the last two millennia : reconstructions of low-frequency variability" 8 : 765-786, 2012

18 Chakrabarty, D., "The climate of history : Four theses" 35 (35): 197-222, 2009

19 Burke, P., "The French historical revolution: The annales school 1929-2014" Standford Unversity Press 1929

20 Ostrom, E., "Revisiting the commons : local lessons, global challenges" 284 (284): 278-282, 1999

21 Will Steffen, "Planetary boundaries: Guiding human development on a changing planet" American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) 347 (347): 2015

22 Neukom, R., "No evidence for globally coherent warm and cold periods over the preindustrial Common era" 571 : 550-554, 2019

23 AAAC&U, "Liberal education & America's promise"

24 Parker, G., "Global crisis. war: Climate change & catastrophe in the seventeenth century" Yale University Press 2013

25 Latour, B., "Facing gaia: Eight lectures on the new climatic regime" Harvard University Press 2017

26 Benjamin, C., "Evolution: Evolution and big history: Dimensions, trends, and forcasts" Uchitel Publishing House 120-126, 2016

27 N. Roberts, "Europe’s lost forests: a pollen-based synthesis for the last 11,000 years" Springer Science and Business Media LLC 8 (8): 2018

28 Lele, S., "Environment and well-being : a perspective from the global south" 123 : 41-63, 2020

29 Crist, M., "Down to earth. Why is the story of climate catastrophe so hard to tell?"

30 Jones, N., "Core of the matter: The complex roles of history courses in general education" 2020

31 Brooke, J. L., "Climate change and the course of global history: A rough journey" Cambridge University Press 2014

32 Stephens, L., "Archaeological assessment reveals earth’s early transfo rmation through land use" 365 (365): 897-902, 2019

33 Fitzhugh, M. L., "Agency, postmodernism, and the causes of change" 40 : 59-82, 2001

34 Frank, D., "A noodle, hockey stick, and spaghetti plate : a perspective on high-resolution paleoclimatology" 1 : 507-516, 2010

35 Jinkina, J., "A big history of globalization: The emergence of a global world system" Springer 2019

36 박혜정, "21세기에 읽는 17세기 위기 - 17세기 위기 논쟁의 기후사적 재고" 역사학회 (258) : 159-193, 2023