慶山 林堂遺蹟 新羅 古墳의 殉葬者 身分 硏究 －出土 人骨의 미토콘드리아 DNA 分析을 中心으로－ = A Study on the Status of the Victims of the Silla Sacrificial Burials at Imdang

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Sacrificial burials may shed light on the social/political characteristics and social structure of past societies. Therefore, intensive research should be carried out on the victims of such burials and their relationship with the deceased of the primary burial, in addition to their archaeological contexts. Although the study of sacrificial burials in Korea has a long history and the social status of the victims of the sacrificial burials has been debated, research on this topic is currently at a standstill due to methodological limitations in which the status of the sacrificed victim has been interpreted based only on historical records or excavated accessories. This paper aims to identify the social status of the victims of the Silla sacrificial burials at Imdang through synthesizing archaeological context, physical anthropological data, and the results of mtDNA analysis.
mtDNA analysis was carried out on the HV I and HV II region from 67 human skeletal remains (35 victims, 32 masters) recovered from Imdang site. The results of the analysis show that some victims had matrilineal affinities with the masters, but others did not. Exclusive haplogroups of the victims were also identified.
These results are in accordance with the archaeological context, consisting of accessories such as earrings and knives. In particular, the victims who had matrilineal affinities with the masters were frequently associated with accessories, especially earrings. On the other hand,those who belonged to exclusive haplogroups of the victims were not buried with earrings.
Finally, it was observed that those victims who were matrilinealy related and associated with poor-grave goods had been sacrificed throughout the entire time period of sacrificial burial construction - there is a strong possibility that they were born as slaves. Meanwhile, in the case of victims with matrilineal affinities with the masters and found in association with earrings, their status may have been similar to that of their masters.
The results of this study suggest that sacrificial burials may not be understood simply as ‘human grave goods’, since relatively high-status people were sacrificed, which is in contrast to the general understanding of this matter. It is more likely, rather, that sacrificial burials functioned as means of social control, or consolidation.

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