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      택시 호출앱 등장과 택시서비스 노동의 변화 = The Change of Taxi Service Labor due to Taxi Call-app

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      https://www.riss.kr/link?id=A107844654

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      다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

      Unlike traditional technologies automating manual works in the manufacturing sectors, digital technologies such as artificial intelligence and robot equipped with cognitive capabilities automate both low-skilled and high-skilled works in the service sectors. Innovative technologies tend to re-organize a variety of works within a job rather than replacing the whole one at the initial stage. This study aims to analyze the process of re-organizing existing works and its consequent change of labor in the taxi service since Taxi call-app came to the market. The matching, navigation, payment and evaluation systems in the application substitute most of human's labor except physical driving. Consequently, the existing labor is under the deskilling process although the number of drivers doesn't decrease while new high-skill labor emerges to support intelligent taxi service. The analysis implies that flexibility of labor market and corporate strategy affect quality and quantity of labor in short-term, and technologies promote labor decomposition and integration to innovate service, and deskilling is likely to lead to the decrease of wage. Additional empirical research is needed when industry statistics become available.
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      Unlike traditional technologies automating manual works in the manufacturing sectors, digital technologies such as artificial intelligence and robot equipped with cognitive capabilities automate both low-skilled and high-skilled works in the service s...

      Unlike traditional technologies automating manual works in the manufacturing sectors, digital technologies such as artificial intelligence and robot equipped with cognitive capabilities automate both low-skilled and high-skilled works in the service sectors. Innovative technologies tend to re-organize a variety of works within a job rather than replacing the whole one at the initial stage. This study aims to analyze the process of re-organizing existing works and its consequent change of labor in the taxi service since Taxi call-app came to the market. The matching, navigation, payment and evaluation systems in the application substitute most of human's labor except physical driving. Consequently, the existing labor is under the deskilling process although the number of drivers doesn't decrease while new high-skill labor emerges to support intelligent taxi service. The analysis implies that flexibility of labor market and corporate strategy affect quality and quantity of labor in short-term, and technologies promote labor decomposition and integration to innovate service, and deskilling is likely to lead to the decrease of wage. Additional empirical research is needed when industry statistics become available.

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      참고문헌 (Reference)

      1 한인상, "플랫폼노동의 주요 현황과 향후 과제" 국회입법조사처 2019

      2 아이뉴스21, "카카오T 택시 유료 멤버십 나왔다"

      3 한국고용정보원, "기술혁신을 반영한 중장기 인력수요 전망(2016~2030)" 2018

      4 박가열, "기술변화에 따른 일자리 영향 연구" 한국고용정보원 2016

      5 이학기, "기술 발전으로 인한 업무 자동화의 일자리 대체 가능성 추정 및 정책 방안 연구" KISDI 2018

      6 PWC, "Will Robots Really Steal Our Jobs?: An International Analysis of The Potential Long Term Impact of Automation" PricewaterhouseCoopers 2018

      7 Cortes, M., "Where have the middle-wage workers gone? a study of polarization using panel data" 34 (34): 63-105, 2016

      8 Arntz, M., "The risk of automation for jobs in OECD countries: A comparative analysis, OECD Social, Employment and Migration working paper" OECD Publishing 2016

      9 Lane, M, "The impact of Artificial Intelligence on the labour market: What do we know so far?" OECD Publishing 2021

      10 Frey, C. B., "The Technology trap: capital, labor, and power in the age of automation" The Princeton University Press 2019

      1 한인상, "플랫폼노동의 주요 현황과 향후 과제" 국회입법조사처 2019

      2 아이뉴스21, "카카오T 택시 유료 멤버십 나왔다"

      3 한국고용정보원, "기술혁신을 반영한 중장기 인력수요 전망(2016~2030)" 2018

      4 박가열, "기술변화에 따른 일자리 영향 연구" 한국고용정보원 2016

      5 이학기, "기술 발전으로 인한 업무 자동화의 일자리 대체 가능성 추정 및 정책 방안 연구" KISDI 2018

      6 PWC, "Will Robots Really Steal Our Jobs?: An International Analysis of The Potential Long Term Impact of Automation" PricewaterhouseCoopers 2018

      7 Cortes, M., "Where have the middle-wage workers gone? a study of polarization using panel data" 34 (34): 63-105, 2016

      8 Arntz, M., "The risk of automation for jobs in OECD countries: A comparative analysis, OECD Social, Employment and Migration working paper" OECD Publishing 2016

      9 Lane, M, "The impact of Artificial Intelligence on the labour market: What do we know so far?" OECD Publishing 2021

      10 Frey, C. B., "The Technology trap: capital, labor, and power in the age of automation" The Princeton University Press 2019

      11 Autor, D., "The Skill content of recent technological change : An empirical exploration" 118 (118): 1279-1333, 2003

      12 Aspromourgos, T., "The Science of wealth adam smith and the framing of political economy" Routledge imprint of Taylor & Francis 2009

      13 Acemoglu, D., "The Race between man and machine : Implications of technology for growth, factor shares, and employment" 108 (108): 1488-1542, 2018

      14 Felten, E., "The Occupational Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Labor: The Role of Complementary Skills and Technologies" NYU Stern School of Business 2019

      15 Wilson, H., "The Jobs That Artificial Intelligence Will Create" 2017

      16 WEF, "The Future of jobs: Employment, skills and workforce strategy for the fourth industrial revolution" Global challenge insight 2016

      17 Frey, C. B., "The Future of employment: how susceptible are jobs to computerisation?" University of Oxford 2013

      18 Acemoglu, D., "Skills, tasks and technologies: Implications for employment and earning" 4 : 1043-1171, 2011

      19 Gallie, F., "Skills, job control and the quality of work : The evidence from Britain Geary Lecture 2012" 43 : 325-341, 2012

      20 OECD, "Skills matter: Further results from the survey of adult skills, OECD skills studies" OECD Publishing 2016

      21 Brugger, F., "Skilling and deskilling : technological change in classical economic theory and its empirical evidence" 47 : 663-689, 2018

      22 Berg, A., "Should we fear the robot revolution?(The correct answer is yes)" 97 : 117-148, 2018

      23 Acemoglu, D., "Robots and jobs: evidence from US labor markets" National Bureau of Economic Research 2017

      24 Fossen, F., "New digital technologies and heterogeneous employment and wage dynamics in the United States: Evidence from individual-level data" IZA 2019

      25 Fossen, F, "Mapping the future of occupations : transformative and destructive effects of new digital technologies on jobs" 13 (13): 10-18, 2019

      26 Autor, D, "Is automation labor-displacing? Productivity growth, employment, and the labor share" 2018

      27 ADB, "How technology affects jobs. Asian Development Outlook 2018" Asian Development Bank 2018

      28 Fortune, "Google’s AI assistant wants to make restaurant reservations for tou"

      29 MIT Technology review, "Goldman embraces automation, even the masters of the universe are threatened"

      30 Arntz, M., "Digitization and the future of work: macroeconomic consequences" IZA institute of labor economics 2019

      31 EU, "Digital automation and the future of work, European Parliamentary Research Service" IZA 2021

      32 Nedelkoska, L, "Automation, skills use and training, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers" OECD Publishing 2018

      33 Grennan, J., "Artificial intelligence and the future of work: evidence from analysts" 2017

      34 Susskind, D., "A World without work: technology, automation, and how we should respond" Metropolitan Books 2020

      35 Pasquale, F., "A Rule of persons, not machines: The limits of legal automation" 87 : 1-55, 2019

      36 MGI, "A Future that works: automation, employment, and productivity" Mckinsey Global Institute 2017

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