신육성 품종인 루비에스(Ruby S; Malus pumila Mill.) 사과껍질의 항산화, 건강 기능성 및 미용식품 활성

국문 초록 (Abstract)

식육성 품종 루비에스 껍질의 water와 ethanol 추출물들의 항산화, 건강 기능성 및 미용식품 활성을 살펴보았다. 신육성 품종 루비에스 껍질로부터 water와 ethanol로 추출하였을 때 각각 5.29, 8.76 mg/g의 비교적 높은 phenolic 함량을 나타내었다. 루비에스 껍질 추출물의 antioxidant protection factor는 water와 ethanol 추출물 100 ㎍/mL phenolics 농도에서 각각 1.87, 1.77 PF를 나타내었으며, TBARS는 100 ㎍/mL phenolics 농도에서 water 추출물은 80.17%, ethanol 추출물은 38.72%의 항산화능을 나타내어, 루비에스 사과 껍질 추출물의 경우 노화방지를 위한 천연 항산화제로 활용 가능성이 매우 높은 것으로 판단하였다. 루비에스껍질 추출물의 항염증(hyaluronidase 저해) 효과는 water 및 ethanol 추출물 200 ㎍/mL phenolics 농도에서 각각 5.61, 31.87%의 저해 효과를 나타내었다. 통풍을 유발하는 xanthine oxidase 저해 효과는 ethanol 추출물에서만 100 ㎍/mL의 phenolic 농도에서 28.66%의 xanthine oxidase 저해 효과를 나타내어 대조구로 사용된 후지 품종에 비교해 상대적으로 높은 저해 효과를 나타내었다. 루비에스 껍질추출물의 α-amylase 저해 효과는 water 추출물과 ethanol 추출물 모두 비교적 낮은 저해 효과를 나타내었으나, α-glucosidase 활성저해의 경우 200 ㎍/mL의 phenolic 농도에서 water와 ethanol 추출물에서 각각 94.93%와 100.00%의 매우 높은 저해 효과를 나타내었다. 미백 효과를 측정하는 tyrosinase 저해 효과는 200 ㎍/mL의 phenolic 농도에서 ethanol 추출물에서만 17.50%의 저해 효과를 나타내었다. 주름 개선 효과를 나타내는 elastase 및 collagenase 저해 효과는 200 ㎍/mL phenolics 농도의 water 추출물에서 각각 6.70, 69.85%의 저해 효과를 나타내었고, ethanol 추출물에서 각각 41.95, 80.73%의 저해 효과를 나타내어 기능성 화장품 개발을 위한 소재로 활용 가능성이 매우 높은 것으로 판단하였다. 따라서 루비에스 껍질 추출물의 항산화, 항염증, 통풍 억제, 항당뇨, 미백 및 주름 개선 효과 및 항당뇨, 통풍 억제 효과를 확인하였고, 기존의 후지 품종과 비교해서 기능성이 더 우수함이 밝혀져 새로운 기능성 화장품 및 건강 기능성 식품 조성물로 이용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In this study, the anti-oxidative, health functional, and beauty food activities of water and ethanol extracts from newly bred Ruby S apple (Malus pumila Mill.) peel. Peel of newly bred Ruby S apple was extracted using water and ethanol for extracting solvent. Water and ethanol extracts showed relatively high phenolic contents of 5.29 ㎎/g and 8.76 ㎎/g, respectively. Each water and ethanol extracts of Ruby S apple peel showed antioxidant protection factor values of 1.87 and 1.77 PF, respectively, and TBARS showed anti-oxidative effects of 80.17% and 38.76% at a phenolic concentration of 100 ㎍/mL. Therefore, extract of Ruby S apple peel can be considered as an anti-oxidative and anti-aging agent. The anti-inflammatory effect (hyaluronidase inhibition) of extract of Ruby S apple peel was 5.61% in water extract and 31.87% in ethanol extract both at a phenolic concentration of 200 ㎍/mL. Activity of xanthine oxidase, which causes gout, was inhibited by 28.66% by ethanol extract at 100 ㎍/mL, which was higher than other species used as a control, whereas there was no effect using water extract. Both water and ethanol extracts showed low α-amylase inhibitory effects, whereas α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were 94.93% and 100.00% at a phenolic concentration of 200 ㎍/mL, respectively. To measure whitening effect, tyrosinase inhibitory activity was measured, and only ethanol extract showed an inhibitory effect (17.50%). For anti-wrinkle effect, water extract showed 6.70% and 69.85% elastase and collagenase inhibitory activities, respectively, while ethanol extract showed 41.95% and 80.73% activities. These results show the high potential of Ruby S apple peel extracts as a cosmetic resource. Ruby S apple peel was identified to have various functions, including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, gout preventative, whitening, anti-wrinkle, and anti-diabetic effects, which confirms that Ruby S apple peel is an outstanding species compared to other species. Therefore, Ruby S apple peel is a quality source of new functional cosmetics and can be viewed as a functional foods.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• ABSTRACT
• 서론
• 재료 및 방법
• 결과 및 고찰
• 요약
• REFERENCES

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이상진, "한방 이화주의 미백 및 피부 주름 개선 효과" 한국식품영양과학회 42 (42): 550-555, 2013

2 이은호, "주름조개풀(Oplismenus undulatifolius) 추출물의 생리활성 효소 억제 효과" 한국응용생명화학회 60 (60): 101-108, 2017

3 진소연, "저장 기간에 따른 사과의 품질특성과 항산화 활성 변화" 한국식품영양학회 27 (27): 999-1005, 2014

4 조은경, "소나무 새순 에탄올 추출물의 angiotensin converting enzyme, xanthine oxidase 및 nitrix oxide synthase 활성" 한국생명과학회 19 (19): 1629-1636, 2009

5 황인욱, "사과주스의 이화학적 품질과 항산화 기능성" 한국식품저장유통학회 18 (18): 700-705, 2011

6 권오준, "미성숙 사과의 항산화 및 tyrosinase 저해 활성 평가" 한국식품저장유통학회 23 (23): 585-590, 2016

7 이진영, "도화(Prunus persica Flos) 분획물의 미백 및 주름개선 효과" 한국미생물·생명공학회 40 (40): 364-370, 2012

8 김동호, "감마선 조사와 저장온도에 따른 사과의 기능성 성분 및 조직감 변화" 한국식품저장유통학회 14 (14): 239-246, 2007

9 Wunsch E, "Zur quantitativen bestimmung der kollagenase" 333 : 149-151, 1963

10 Baker JF, "Update on gout and hyperuricemia" 64 : 371-377, 2010

11 Jeon TI., "The screening of antioxidants from apple peel" Konkuk University 1999

12 Ghosh P, "The role of hyaluronic acid(hyaluronan)in health and disease : interactions with cells, cartilage and components of synovial fluid" 12 : 75-82, 1994

13 Hanefeld M, "The role of acarbose in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus" 12 : 228-237, 1998

14 Stirpe F, "The regulation of rat liver xanthine oxidase. Conversion in vitro of the enzyme activity from dehydrogenase(type D)to oxidase(type O)" 244 : 3855-3863, 1969

15 McDougall GJ, "The inhibitory effects of berry polyphenols on digestive enzymes" 23 : 189-195, 2005

16 Rice-Evans CA, "Structure-antioxidant activity relationships of flavonoids and phenolic acids" 20 : 933-956, 1996

17 Pellegrini N, "Screening of dietary carotenoids and carotenoid-rich fruit extracts for antioxidant activities applying 2, 2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)radical cation decolorization assay" 299 : 379-389, 1998

18 Borrello S, "Protective enzymes in human epidermal carcinomas and psoriasis" 276 : 338-340, 1984

19 Andarwulan N, "Phenolic content in differentiated tissue cultures of untransformed and Agrobacteriumtransformed roots of anise(Pimpinella anisum L.)" 47 : 1776-1780, 1999

20 Folin O, "On phoshotungstic-phosphomolybdic compounds as color reagents" 12 : 239-243, 1912

21 Frei B., "Natural antioxidants in human health and disease" Academic Press Publisher 40-55, 1994

22 Tibbot BK, "Molecular cloning and characterization of a gibberellin-inducible, putative α-glucosidase gene from barley" 30 : 229-241, 1996

23 Buege JA, "Microsomal lipid peroxidation" 52 : 302-310, 1978

24 Davidson PM, "Methods for testing the efficacy of food antimicrobials" 43 : 148-155, 1989

25 Hamilton AJ, "Melanins in fungal pathogens" 51 : 189-191, 2002

26 Hearing VJ Jr, "Mammalian monophenol monooxygenase(tyrosinase) : purification, properties, and reactions catalyzed" 142 : 154-165, 1987

27 No JK, "Inhibition of tyrosinase by green tea components" 65 : PL241-PL246, 1999

28 Kraunsoe JA, "Inhibition of human leukocyte and porcine pancreatic elastase by homologues of bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor" 35 : 9090-9096, 1996

29 Puls W, "Glucosidase inhibition. A new approach to the treatment of diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipoproteinaemia" 64 : 536-537, 1997

30 Giacomoni PU, "Factors of skin ageing share common mechanisms" 2 : 219-229, 2001

31 Brodbeck U., "Enzyme inhibitors" Verlag Chemie Publisher 19-, 1980

32 Cheon JH., "Effects of Backhousia citriodora extracts on antioxidant activity and bone formation" Silla University 2015

33 Cho WR., "Effect of selected phytochemicals on growth inhibition of human lung cancer A549 cells" Sungshin Women’s University 2011

34 Yue TF, "Effect of allopurinol(4-hydroxypyrazolo-(3, 4-d)pyrimidine)on serum and urinary uric acid in primary and secondary gout" 37 : 885-898, 1964

35 Blois MS, "Antioxidant determinations by the use of stable free radical" 181 : 1199-1200, 1958

36 Farag RS, "Antioxidant activity of some spice essential oils on linoleic acid oxidation in aqueous media" 66 : 792-799, 1989

37 Dorfman A, "A turbidimetric method for the assay of hyaluronidase" 172 : 367-375, 1948