China’s Anti-Access Strategy versus the US’s Air-Sea Battle Concept: Implications for the Korean Peninsula and East Asian Security

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

By comparing the balancing strategies ‘Anti-Access’ and ‘Air-Sea Battle,’ this paper approaches the implications for the Korean Peninsula and East Asian security. China's active defense strategy proceeding to power transition in East Asia has been evaluated to cause the US's strong responses to mobilize military and diplomatic countermeasures, namely 'Pivot to Asia.' In this context, to maintain peace and the status quo, regional countries should participate in the appropriate control of the "Shared Regional Hegemony" which means neither accepting too much of China's assertion nor agreeing to excessive military strategies of the US. To reduce the impact of the two rival strategies, as a supporting or coordinating actor, the Republic of Korea (ROK) must properly utilize 'ROK-US-China' and 'ROK-US-Japan' triangles based on the ROK-US alliance, while she has to pursue unilateral initiatives and invite reciprocation of North Korea as a long-term strategy for cooperation. Finally, to prevent regional conflicts, regional states should establish a legally binding mechanism. The legally binding mechanism needs to pursue a middle course between the regional alliance and the multilateral security cooperation system to control the two giants’ (the US and China) unilateralism, as a kind of collective security system in East Asia.

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 이원우, "남중국해 분쟁의 쟁점과 안보적 함의: 국제법과 실효적 지배 중심으로" 한국의정연구회 7 (7): 175-202, 2012

2 Organski, A.F.K., "World Politics" Alfred A. Knopf 1958

3 LarryA.NIKSCH, "When north Korea Mounts nuclear Warheads on Its MIssIles" 국가안보전략연구원 25 (25): 1-20, 2011

4 Lieber, Keir A., "Waiting for Balancing: Why the World Is Not Pushing Back" 30 (30): 2005

5 Stedman, Stephen John, "UN Transformation in an Era of Soft Balancing, In Cooperating for peace and security: evolving institutions and arrangements in a context of changing U.S. security policy" Cambridge University Press 2010

6 Karklis, Laris, "U.S. military expansion in Southeast Asia" The Washington Post

7 US Department of Commerce, "Trade in Goods with China"

8 Waltz, Kenneth N., "Theory of International Politics" Waveland Press 1979

9 Kwon, Tae Hwan, "The revised Japanese National Defense Program Outline" 2011

10 Rogan, Rosh, "The end of the concept of ‘strategic reassurance’?" Foreign Policy

11 Park, Jae Jeok, "The US-led alliances in the Asia-Pacific: hedge against potential threats or an undesirable multilateral security order?" 24 (24): 2011

12 Armitage Richard L., "The US-Japan Alliance: Anchoring Stability in Asia" CSIS 2012

13 Panetta, Leon, "The US Rebalance towards the Asia-Pacific"

14 Renato Cruz De Castro, "The Risk of Applying Realpolitik in Resolving the South China Sea Dispute: Implications on Regional Security" 국제관계연구소 27 (27): 262-289, 2012

15 Masters, Jonathan, "The Pentagon Pivots to Asia" Council on Foreign Relations

16 Walt, Stephen M., "The Origins of Alliances" Cornell University Press 1987

17 Walt, Stephen M., "The Northeast Asian Security Environment are changing abruptly… The time will come for South Korea to choose either the US and China"

18 Lee, Wonwoo, "The Need for Strengthening the US-China Relations: Focusing on the ‘Pivot to Asia" Inha University 2012

19 Dooley, Howard J., "The Great Leap Outward: China’s Maritime Renaissance" 26 (26): 2012

20 Kaplan, Robert D., "The Geography of Chinese Power" 89 (89): 2010

21 Wortzel, Larry M., "The Chinese People’s Liberation Army and Space Warfare: Emerging United States-China Military Competition"

22 Brzezinski, Zbigniew, "Strategic Vision" Basic Books 2012

23 KITA (Korea International Trade Association), "Statistics & Report"

24 Lohman, Walter, "Sorting American Priorities in the South China Sea" 2011

25 Pape, Robert A., "Soft balancing against the United States" 30 (30): 2005

26 Paul, T. V., "Soft Balancing in the Age of U.S. Primacy" 30 (30): 2005

27 Ahn, Byung-joon, "Shifts in American Grand Strategy and the Future of the Korean Peninsula" 48 (48): 2009

28 Carter, Ashton B., "Remarks at National Press Club, United States Department of Defense"

29 Buzan, Barry, "Regions and Powers: The Structure of International Security" Cambridge University Press 2004

30 유현석, "Regional Institution and Institutional Balancing: The Case of the East Asian Summit" 신아시아연구소 17 (17): 73-95, 2010

31 Brooks, Stephen G., "Realism, Balance-of-Threat Theory, and the ‘Soft Balancing’ Constraint, In World out of balance: international relations and the challenge of American primacy" Princeton University Press 2008

32 Department of Defense, "Quadrennial Defense Review Report (QDR)" 2010

33 IMF, "List of countries by past and future GDP (nominal)"

34 Lee, Tai Hwan, "Korea’s New Diplomacy in the Era of US-China, Peace in the Korean Peninsula and Cooperation in East Asia: Opportunities and Challenges" 2012

35 Department of Defense, "Joint Operational Access Concept (JOAC)" 2011

36 Brooks, Stephen G., "Hard Times for Soft Balancing" 30 (30): 2005

37 Bright, "Global defense spending dips for first time in 15 years. The Christian Science Monitor"

38 Art, Robert J., "Geopolitics Updated: The Strategy of Selective Engagement" International Security 1998

39 AP, "First 200 US Marines arrive in northern Australia where joint training hub is taking shape"

40 Brimley, Shawn, "Finding Our Way, In Finding Our Way: Debating American Grand Strategy" Center for a New American Security 2008

41 Posen, Barry R., "Competing Visions for U.S. Grand Strategy" 21 (21): 1996

42 Hoyos, Carola, "Chinese defense budget set to double by 2015" Financial Times

43 앤드류 양, "China’s Revolution in Military Affairs (RMA): Transforming the PLA by Feeling Stones in the Riverbed" 한국전략문제연구소 15 (15): 33-57, 2008

44 Williamson, Clarence E., "China’s Grand Strategy in the 21st Century: A United States Perspective" Korea Institute for Maritime Strategy 12 (12): 2009

45 Cheng, Dean, "China’s Active Defense Strategy and Its Regional Impact" The Heritage Foundation 2011

46 Chase, Michael S., "China assesses President Obama’s November 2011 Asia-Pacific Trip" 11 (11): 2011

47 Gill, Bates, "China as a Responsible Stakeholder" Carnegie Endowment

48 스인홍, "China and the United States in East Asia: Dynamics of Contending" 한국전략문제연구소 19 (19): 61-83, 2012

49 Kim, Byung-Kook, "Between China, America, and North Korea: South Korea’s Hedging, In China’s Ascent: Power, Security, and the Future of International Politics" Cornell University Press 2008

50 Seth, Sushil P., "Australia’s partnership dilemma: China or U.S"

51 Office of the Secretary of Defense, "Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2013" 2013

52 Office of the Secretary of Defense, "Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2012" 2012

53 Office of the Secretary of Defense, "Annual Report to Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People’s Republic of China 2011" 2011

54 Clinton, Hillary Rodham, "America’s Pacific Century" 2011

55 Tol, Jan Van, "AirSea Battle: A Point-of-Departure Operational Concept" CSBA (Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments) 2010

56 Halloran, Richard, "AirSea Battle" Air Force Magazine 2010