자연재해 경험과 아동의 부정적 정서성이 자연재해에 대한 아동의 반응에 미치는 영향 = 지진 경험을 중심으로

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Objective: The aims of this study were to investigate children’s responses to natural disasters and establish the associated circumstantial, personal factors associated with them.
Methods: The study was conducted with 252 children (67 five-year-olds, 78 six-year-olds and 107 seven-year-olds) and their mothers from the cities of Gyeongju and Ulsan.
Results: First, the mean score of psychological responses toward natural disasters was 2.48, this is close to the middle score of 3, which depicts moderate severity on a scale of 1 to 5. Further, children’s psychoemotional responses to natural disasters were higher in older children. Second, the severity of natural disaster experiences was significantly positively related with children’s psychoemotional responses, and children’s negative affectivity was significantly positively related to children’s psychoemotional responses. Third, the severity of natural disaster experiences and children’s negative affectivity significantly predicted children’s psychoemotional responses to natural disasters.
Conclusion: This research reveals how different aspects of the experience of a natural disaster affect the level of children’s negative emotions associated with future natural disasters. The severity of the natural disaster experience and children’s negative affectivity are significantly correlated with children’s negative responses to natural disasters, and thus, may be associated factors. The results verified the importance of circumstantial, personal factors that lessen the negative response of children toward natural disasters.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 서론
• 연구방법
• 연구결과
• 논의 및 결론
• References
• 참고문헌

참고문헌 (Reference)

1 정유리, "개정판 외상 사건에 대한 아동 반응척도의 요인타당도 및 정신측정학적 성질 연구" 대한신경정신의학회 51 (51): 185-191, 2012

2 Michael W. Vasey, "Worry in childhood: A developmental perspective" Springer Nature 18 (18): 529-549, 1994

3 Wendy K. Silverman, "What Do Children Worry About? Worries and Their Relation to Anxiety" Wiley-Blackwell 66 (66): 671-686, 1995

4 WILLIAM H. SACK, "Twelve‐Year Follow‐up Study of Khmer Youths Who Suffered Massive War Trauma as Children" Elsevier BV 38 (38): 1173-1179, 1999

5 William E. Copeland, "Traumatic Events and Posttraumatic Stress in Childhood" American Medical Association (AMA) 64 (64): 577-, 2007

6 Adwin Bosschaart, "The role of knowledge in students’ flood-risk perception" Springer Nature 69 (69): 1661-1680, 2013

7 E. N. AGUSTINI, "The prevalence of long-term post-traumatic stress symptoms among adolescents after the tsunami in Aceh" Wiley-Blackwell 18 (18): 543-549, 2011

8 Nicoline Marie Hall, "The effect of emotional stress on involuntary and voluntary conscious memories" Informa UK Limited 16 (16): 48-57, 2008

9 Rothbart, M. K., "Temperament and social behavior in childhood" 40 (40): 21-39, 1994

10 Annette M. La Greca, "Symptoms of posttraumatic stress in children after Hurricane Andrew: A prospective study." American Psychological Association (APA) 64 (64): 712-723, 1996

11 Pamela W. Garner, "Social Competence among Low-Income Preschoolers: Emotion Socialization Practices and Social Cognitive Correlates" Wiley-Blackwell 65 (65): 622-637, 1994

12 SAMUEL TYANO, "Seven-Year Follow-up of Child Survivors of a Bus-Train Collision" Elsevier BV 35 (35): 365-373, 1996

13 Orlee Udwin, "Risk Factors for Long-term Psychological Effects of a Disaster Experienced in Adolescence: Predictors of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder" Wiley-Blackwell 41 (41): 969-979, 2000

14 Eisenberg, N., "Review of personality and social psychology Vol. 14" Sage Publications 119-150, 1992

15 Christina W. Hoven, "Psychopathology Among New York City Public School Children 6 Months After September 11" American Medical Association (AMA) 62 (62): 545-, 2005

16 Wooding, S., "Psychological impact of disasters and terrorism on children and adolescents: Experiences from Australia" 19 (19): 10-20, 2004

17 Robert S. Pynoos, "Psychological first aid and treatment approach to children exposed to community violence: Research implications" Wiley-Blackwell 1 (1): 445-473, 1988

18 Gleser, G. C., "Prolonged psychosocial effects of disaster: A study of Buffalo Creek" Elsevier 2013

19 Carl F. Weems, "Predisaster trait anxiety and negative affect predict posttraumatic stress in youths after Hurricane Katrina." American Psychological Association (APA) 75 (75): 154-159, 2007

20 Nina C. Martin, "Predictors of Youths’ Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Following a Natural Disaster: The 2010 Nashville, Tennessee, Flood" Informa UK Limited 45 (45): 335-347, 2014

21 Eric M. Vernberg, "Prediction of posttraumatic stress symptoms in children after Hurricane Andrew." American Psychological Association (APA) 105 (105): 237-248, 1996

22 Liliana J. Lengua, "Pre-attack symptomatology and temperament as predictors of children's responses to the September 11 terrorist attacks" Wiley-Blackwell 46 (46): 631-645, 2005

23 Karen Salmon, "Posttraumatic stress disorder in children: The influence of developmental factors" Elsevier BV 22 (22): 163-188, 2002

24 Ioanna Giannopoulou, "Post-traumatic stress reactions of children and adolescents exposed to the Athens 1999 earthquake" Elsevier BV 21 (21): 160-166, 2006

25 Aydın Bal, "Post-traumatic stress disorder symptom clusters in Turkish child and adolescent trauma survivors" Springer Nature 16 (16): 449-457, 2007

26 Nilamadhab Kar, "Post-traumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents one year after a super-cyclone in Orissa, India: exploring cross-cultural validity and vulnerability factors" Springer Nature 7 (7): 2007

27 Simon Taukeni, "Post-traumatic stress disorder amongst children aged 8–18 affected by the 2011 northern-Namibia floods" AOSIS 8 (8): 2016

28 Robert S. Pynoos, "Post-traumatic Stress Reactions in Children After the 1988 Armenian Earthquake" Royal College of Psychiatrists 163 (163): 239-247, 1993

29 Piyasil, V., "Post traumatic stress disorder in children after tsunami disaster in Thailand : 2 years follow-up" 90 (90): 2370-2376, 2007

30 Julie B. Kaplow, "Pathways to PTSD, Part II: Sexually Abused Children" American Psychiatric Publishing 162 (162): 1305-1310, 2005

31 Anna C. Wilson, "Parenting and Temperament Prior to September 11, 2001, and Parenting Specific to 9/11 as Predictors of Children's Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms Following 9/11" Informa UK Limited 39 (39): 445-459, 2010

32 Anna Bokszczanin, "PTSD symptoms in children and adolescents 28 months after a flood: Age and gender differences" Wiley-Blackwell 20 (20): 347-351, 2007

33 H. H. Goldsmith, "Origins of Variation in Behavioral Style: A Longitudinal Study of Temperament in Young Twins" JSTOR 52 (52): 91-, 1981

34 Jonathan S. Comer, "Media Use and Children's Perceptions of Societal Threat and Personal Vulnerability" Informa UK Limited 37 (37): 622-630, 2008

35 Samuel P. Putnam, "Measurement of fine-grained aspects of toddler temperament: The Early Childhood Behavior Questionnaire" Elsevier BV 29 (29): 386-401, 2006

36 Mary K. Rothbart, "Investigations of Temperament at Three to Seven Years: The Children's Behavior Questionnaire" Wiley-Blackwell 72 (72): 1394-1408, 2001

37 Rebecca L. Shiner, "How shall we speak of children's personalities in middle childhood? A preliminary taxonomy." American Psychological Association (APA) 124 (124): 308-332, 1998

38 National Institute of Meteorological Sciences, "Geugeosi algo sipda jijin[그것이 알고 싶다 지진]"

39 Marco Piccinelli, "Gender differences in depression: Critical review" Royal College of Psychiatrists 177 (177): 486-492, 2000

40 Peer M. Lewinsohn, "Gender differences in anxiety disorders and anxiety symptoms in adolescents." American Psychological Association (APA) 107 (107): 109-117, 1998

41 Andrew M. Terranova, "Factors influencing the course of posttraumatic stress following a natural disaster: Children's reactions to Hurricane Katrina" Elsevier BV 30 (30): 344-355, 2009

42 Borenstein, S, "Disasters in US: An Extreme and Exhausting Year"

43 Jami M. Furr, "Disasters and youth: A meta-analytic examination of posttraumatic stress." American Psychological Association (APA) 78 (78): 765-780, 2010

44 Betty Pfefferbaum, "Disaster Media Coverage and Psychological Outcomes: Descriptive Findings in the Extant Research" Springer Nature 16 (16): 2014

45 American Psychiatric Association, "Diagnostic and Statistcal Manual of Mental disorders"

46 Gordon Milne, "Cyclone Tracy: II The Effects on Darwin Children" Wiley-Blackwell 12 (12): 55-62, 1977

47 C.J Lonigan, "Children's reactions to a natural disaster: symptom severity and degree of exposure" Elsevier BV 13 (13): 135-154, 1991

48 Annette M. La Greca, "Children's predisaster functioning as a predictor of posttraumatic stress following Hurricane Andrew." American Psychological Association (APA) 66 (66): 883-892, 1998

49 Jenny Pronczuk, "Children's Environmental Health in the Twenty-First Century" Wiley-Blackwell 1140 (1140): 143-154, 2008

50 BONNIE L. GREEN, "Children and Disaster: Age, Gender, and Parental Effects on PTSD Symptoms" Elsevier BV 30 (30): 945-951, 1991

51 Margot Prior, "Childhood Temperament" Wiley-Blackwell 33 (33): 249-279, 1992

52 Jessica Jungsook Han, "Autobiographical memory in Korean, Chinese, and American children." American Psychological Association (APA) 34 (34): 701-713, 1998

53 Beck, A. T., "Anxiety disorders and phobias: A cognitive approach" Basic 1985

54 Isabel S Bradburn, "After the earth shook: Children's stress symptoms 6–8 months after a disaster" Elsevier BV 13 (13): 173-179, 1991

55 Demos, V., "Affective development in infancy" Albex 39-74, 1986

56 Rothbart, M. K., "Advances in developmental psychology Vol 1" Lawrence Erlbaum Associates 33-86, 1981

57 Ministry of Public Safety and Security, "9.12 jijinbaekseo[9.12지진백서]"

58 Ministry of the Interior and Safety, "11.15 jijinbalsaeng daecheosanghwang bogo[11.5 지진발생 대처상황 보고]"