대구·경북지역 대졸자의 취업 이동 연구: 사회연결망과 직업가치 요인이 이동목적지의 선택에 미치는 영향 = A Study on the Employment Migration of College Graduates in Daegu and Gyeongbuk Area: The Effect of Social Network and Work Value Factors on the Diversification of Migrant Destinations

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

In a situation where there is concern about the stagnation of the local economy as well as the collapse of the local industrial base due to the continuous outflow of the local youth, numerous studies have been accumulated to analyze the causes of the youth employment migration outflow. Although previous studies have addressed the characteristics and driving mechanisms of employment-related migration of youth quite effectively, but they are mainly analyzing from an economic point of view, and few studies have addressed non-economic factors of migration, such as social networks and work values. This study aims to derive new policy implications focused on non-economic factors and alternative destinations (i.e. other than the ‘Seoul Capital Area: SCA’) of employment-related migration, analyzing the sample of college graduates from Daegu and Gyeongbuk area. From the '2017-Graduates Occupational Mobility Survey: GOMS' data, a total of 1,387 local college graduates, including 348 from junior colleges and 1.039 from 4-year colleges, were extracted as the sample. The dependent variable of this study has three categories based on respondents’ workplace location: ‘Stayers’, ‘Movers to SCA’, and ‘Movers to other areas’. From the descriptive statistics and the analyses of variances (ANOVA), we found that four-year college graduates were more likely to be ‘movers’ and showed a higher employment rate through official channels compared to junior college graduates. We also found ‘Stayers’ in general had lower levels of employment in large corporations, average monthly wages, and human capital compared to movers, which reflects the characteristics of the secondary labor market. Meanwhile, ‘Movers to other areas’ shared similar characteristics with ‘Movers to SCA’ (in terms of their size, job qualities, and the level of human capital) but they showed the highest level of ‘work value score’, which is a comprehensive measure of the social reputation, prospect, stability of the job as well as one’s job fit. The result from a multi-nomial logistic regression analysis also confirmed that not only the economic factors that have traditionally been emphasized as explanatory variables of employment-related migration, but also ‘work value’ is important factor, especially when moving to ‘other areas’. This study suggests that that policies to address the issue of local youth outflow should be not limited to an economic point of view, such as attracting large corporations or public enterprises to the locality. We also have to discuss policies creating local businesses and jobs that can satisfy ‘work values’ pursued by jobseekers in the locality and the beyond.

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